90 CLASSIFICATION OF THE ALEYRODIDiE. 



lar contents are plainly visible; stalk dark brown, attached a little 

 to one side. 



Pupa case. — Size about 1.45 by 1 mm.; seen from above ovoid in 

 outline, narrower cephalad, the dorsum almost flat ; vasif orm orifice 

 depressed. Case raised on a relatively high vertical fringe of dirty 

 white wax, w^hich varies in height according to age, in mature speci- 

 mens reaching as high as two-thirds diameter of case (PI. XXXIII, 

 figs. 2 and 6). Dorsum covered with a plate of dirty white wax of 

 a granular structure, the vasiform orifice being naked and the body 

 segments more or less evident. There is a shallow and broad longi- 

 tudinal depression in the wax plate, with an evident central keel. 

 Denuded of wax plate, and examined under microscope, the outer 

 third of dorsum all around is seen to be of a coarsely granular struc- 

 ture, which is absent on the more central dorsal disk. (PL XXXIII, 

 fig. 4.) The granular structures or markings in the derm vary 

 greatly in size and outline, and are apparently wax-secreting in 

 function. Margin of case deflexed (PL XXXIII, fig. 5), ending in 

 a rim all around of large wax tubes, which may be seen through 

 the derm above ; apparent margin of case crenulate, due to granula- 

 tions above mentioned; on caudal margin there are three pairs of 

 spines of which the central pair is strongest ; color variable. Mature 

 specimens in the fall are generally dark brown and blackish, with 

 large, irregular, semitransparent spots in the derm, usually three on 

 caudal end, three on cephalic end, and one on eacli side. There is 

 also usually a similar spot just cephalad of vasiform orifice, and one 

 on the first and second abdominal segments near median line. In 

 the latitude of Washington, and probably elsewhere, there are two 

 broods of pupae each season; the insect winters in the pupal condi- 

 tion on the fallen leaves. Pupse of the first or early summer brood 

 are almost colorless and •do not show the dark coloration above 

 mentioned. 



Vasiform orifice (PL XXXIII, fig. 3) small, cordate, not quite 

 as wdde as long; sides and caudal margin rounded; lingula not ex- 

 tended beyond orifice, spatulate, the basal portion unusually thick 

 and stout, minutely setose, and bearing distally a pair of spines. 

 Extending caudad to margin of case from orifice is a broad and 

 widening depression or furrow. On ventral surface the stubby, 

 rudimentary legs are easily discernible; they are two-jointed, disk- 

 like at tips. 



Adult {fem<de). — Length about 1.5 mm.; length of forewing (PI. 

 XXXIII, fig. 7) 1.7 mm. ; width 0.8 to 0.9 mm. ; length of hind tibia 

 0.66 mm. ; length of basal tarsal joint 0.15 mm. ; length of distal tarsal 

 joint 0.107 mm.; antenna (fig. 8) 0.42 mm. long; third joint 0.16 mm. 

 long; joints IV to VII inclusive 0.2 mm. in length; joint II subpyri- 



