Kuiper: Color Inheritance in Cattle 



109 



When these are mated with the 

 gametes bs of the pied cows (all of 

 which have the zygotic composition 

 bbss), the result will be: 



IBsSs :7Bbss :7bbSs :lbbss or 8 belted : 

 7 self-colored: 1 pied. 



Out of 55 calves this will yield: 273^ 

 belted: 24^^ self-colored: 3j\ pied. So 

 the correspondence with the actual 

 results is striking. 



Let ine add here that we are only 

 dealing with a hypothesis, the correct- 

 ness of which further investigations 

 may either prove or disprove. There is 

 one difficulty about it, namely this, 

 that self-color should have to dominate 

 over pied, while with various breeds 

 the reverse is actually the case. But 

 as we saw at the outset, similar varia- 

 tions of dominance are not infrequent 

 in cattle. 



If the repulsion of factors actually 

 exists, the breeding of Belted Cattle of 

 the formula BbSs with each other will 

 yield: IBBSS: 14BBSs: 49BBss: 14- 

 BbSS: lOOBbSs: 14Bbss: 49bbSS: 

 14bbSs: Ibbss; i.e., 192 belted, 63 self- 

 colored, 1 pied. Practically speak- 

 ing, therefore, pied will not crop up. 

 The number of BB animals is frequent 

 enough to account for the fact that in 

 breeding stations where for years to- 

 gether only Belted Cattle are bred, 

 self-colored calves are no longer found. 



In addition to the hypotheses above 

 I would offer the suggestion that the 

 animals Bb (or BB) ss show a devia- 



tion from the belt. The fact is that in 

 crossing Belt X Pied the great majority 

 of the belted calves show deviations 

 from the pattern, and in pure breeding, 

 too, these deviations are quite frequent. 

 Besides this, however, modifiers seems 

 to play a part, as I observed above. 

 It would lead me too far, if I were to 

 set forth by what facts this supposi- 

 tion is supported. It is a matter of 

 fact, however, that many cases from 

 practical experience are explained by 

 it. 



Let me state in conclusion that by 

 the study of herd books and by skim- 

 ming through the American Journal, 

 Dutch Belted Cattle, Bulletin and Live 

 Stock Journal, published by the D.B.C. 

 Association of America, I have found 

 that a very high correlation, viz. 0.84 

 exists between the occurrence of white 

 feet and too broad a belt. This is a 

 phenomenon that is of high importance 

 from a phenogenetic point of view, and 

 requires further investigation. 



It is obvious that the results ob- 

 tained so far form only a step towards 

 the solution of the difficulties, which 

 are still an obstacle in attempting to 

 account for the phenomena in con- 

 nection with color and pattern in cattle. 

 I hope to be able to come back to these 

 questions when additional data are at 

 hand. There may be American breed- 

 ers of Dutch Belted Cattle who can 

 contribute towards the problem by 

 communicating their experiences. 



The Child, Before and After 



The Principles of Ante-Natal and 

 Post-Natal Physiology, pure and 

 applied. By W. M. Feldman, M.B., 

 B.S., asst. physician to and lecturer 

 on child physiology at the Infants' 

 Hospital. With 6 plates and 129 

 illustrations. Pp. 694. London, 

 Longmans, Green and Co., 1920. 



In this monumental work. Dr. Feld- 

 man has brought together a mass of 

 data dealing with the ways in which the 



child differs biologically from the adult. 

 By way of introduction some 60 pages 

 are devoted to the germ-plasm and the 

 mechanism of heredity, while the 

 mechanics of development occupy as 

 much more space. The volume will be 

 indispensable to any one working in the 

 field of which it treats, since here for the 

 first tim^e is a review of the work done 

 all over the world in an important 

 and interesting phase of physiology. — ■ 

 P. P. 



