I50 



The Journal of Heredity 



this with a iiiiiiiiiuiin of Iniiiuis and an 

 absence of real soil. 



On my return from the Orient I 

 decided to stop o\'er in Hawaii for the 

 purpose of securing seeds and root 

 shoots of this remarkable species for 

 the plant breeders to experiment with. 



I went to the type locality on the 

 slopes of Mauna Kea, in compan\- with 

 Mr. Kraebel, Assistant Siiperintendent 

 of Forestry, together with my friend 

 and traveling companion, Mr. S. Jur- 

 gens. We found Rubus macraei cover- 

 ing many acres of ground in a forest 

 of Koa trees, forming the undergrowth 

 to the exclusion of everything else. 

 Here at 6,000 feet elevation on the 

 windward slopes of Mauna Kea the 

 atmosphere is always cool and the 

 nights even cold, frost being not 

 uncommon in the winter. After eleven 

 o'clock clouds invaribly ascend from 

 the sea and the slopes of the mountain 

 at this elevation is invariably en- 

 shrouded in fog for the greater part of 

 the day. 



Rubus macraei grows here as a 

 terrestrial upright, but does not become 

 a liana as is the case in Hualalai. It is a 

 most prolific bearer and the buds 

 of the whip-like branches bend under 

 the weight of the luscious, heav>' fruits. 



We found here two distinct varieties 



— one dark purple and one a bright 

 orange-yellow. One of these yellow 

 fruits exceeded in size even the largest 

 of the purple fruited variety; it was in 

 fact larger than a silver dollar, being 

 two inches in diameter. This yellow 

 variety was, however, quite spiny, 

 while the purple one was almost spine- 

 less, only the young shoots being 

 armed. 



The juiciness of these fruits is 

 remarkable — a fact which might prove 

 a disadvantage as it will prol)ably make 

 the berry a poor shipper. The seeds are 

 quite small and all the rest is juice. 

 The dark variety is slightly bitter, 

 while the yellow variety is quite sweet 

 and really delicious. Hybridization 

 may work wonders with this species and 

 its distinct varieties. It would be best 

 adapted, in the United States, to a 

 locality with mild winters and fogs; I 

 suppose on the Pacific slope wherever 

 the redwood occurs would fill the 

 requirement. 



I am indebted to my friend, Mr. A. 

 McAUester of Kukaian Ranch, Mauna 

 Kea, through whose kind hospitality^ 

 and courtesy, the furnishing of horses, 

 etc., I was enabled to secure valuable 

 li\'ing material which is being propa- 

 gated for distribution to experiment- 

 ers. 



RACE AND NATIVITY OF FARMERS IN THE UNITED STATES 



According to a report of the Four- 

 teenth (1920) Census recently issued, 

 of the 6, 448. .^66 farmers in the United 

 States in 1020, 5,498,359 were white 

 and 950,007 were colored, while in 

 1910, out of a total of 6,361,502 farm- 

 ers, 5,440,619 were white and 920,883 

 were colored. White farmers thus 

 represented 85.3 per cent of all farm- 

 ers in 1920, as compared with 85.5 

 per cent, or practicalK' the same pro- 

 j)ortion, in 1910. 



Between 1910 and 1920 the niiinber 

 of white farmers increased 57,740, or 

 1 . 1 per cent, and the number of colored 

 farmers, 29,124, or 3.2 per cent. 



The 950,007 colored farmers in 

 1920 comprised 926.257 Negroes, 16,- 

 213 Indians, 6,899 Japanese, and 638 

 Chinese. The corresponding figures 

 for 1910 were 893,370 Negroes, 24,251 

 Indians, 2,502 Japanese, and 760 



Chinese. The following table gives 

 the figures in convenient form. 



(The numi.er of farmers is assumed to l>c the 

 tame as the number of farms.) 



