274 



The Journal of Heredity 



quently found which are variations 

 from the parent Aariety in color, 

 may it not be equally true that un- 

 observ'ed variations of qualitative char- 

 acter are also occurring, which concern 

 tonnage, rattooning power, disease 

 and insect and drouth resistance? 

 No doubt this is true. Strains of 

 Cristalina are known to exist which 

 differ from one another in stature, 

 diameter of cane, and consequently in 

 yielding power. Cane fields, even 

 though carefully planted to a single 

 variety, may indeed comprise more 



than one strain, and if these strains 

 differ in season of maturity, sucrose 

 content of juice and other important 

 economic characters, the result may 

 well be a considerable lessening of 

 financial return to the colono. 



In these facts and conditions we 

 have the strongest indications of the 

 necessity for intensi\'e study of cane 

 varieties as they now exist, in regard to 

 these unseen, qualitative characters, 

 which are to be detected only by 

 chemical analyses and experimental 

 tests. 



HYBRID TYPES OF THE HUMAN RACE 



Racial Mixture as a Cause of Conspicuous Morphological Changes of the 



Facial-type 



Herman Lundborg 

 Race-Biological Institution, Uppsala, Sweden 



IT HAS been possible for recent 

 hereditary research to show that 

 some racial qualities are inherited 

 according to Mendel's law. In 1913, 

 Eugene Fischer,^ the anthropologist, 

 made a close study of questions of this 

 kind and laid a scientific foundation for 

 hybrid research in the human world. 



The morphological race-characters, 

 which are formed through an early 

 and complete ossification — for instance 

 the form, the length, the breadth of 

 the skull etc.^ — seem to be depending 

 upon heredity in a higher degree than, 

 for instance, the length of the body, 

 which is more easily modified by 

 environmental factors, which depend 

 upon an ossification completed at a 

 later period. I have treated this latter 

 fjuestion in a recent communication.- 



During my travels and investigations 

 in the far north of Sweden, among the 

 population there, which has originated 

 through strong race-mingling among 

 Lapps, Finns and Swedes principally, 

 I could not help noticing that the types 

 vary in a very high degree, and that 



obvious 



appear, 

 individ- 



not unfrequently certain 

 changes of the facial type 

 which do not appear among 

 uals of a purer race. The numerous 

 recombinations of the genetic structure 

 are probably important causes for 

 this circumstance. There will spring up, 

 it seems to me, in these racial hybrids, 

 besides qualities depending solely on 

 the germ-plasm, in many respects 

 stronger modifications, which probably 

 are to be considered as a partial 

 atrophy. Similar phenomena are often 

 observed in crossings in the \egetable 

 and the animal world. 



RESULTS OF RACE CROSSING 



Among more conspicuous and com- 

 paratively frequently appearing diver- 

 gences of the morphological structure of 

 a mixed-race population of this kind 

 (if not always in the first generation, 

 then in the subsequent ones) are to be 

 mentioned an increase of bodih' length 

 a stronger and more graceful body 

 formation than is found in the parental 

 races, a narrower and more elongated 



' E. Fischer, Die Rchobolhcr Bastards un<l das Bastardicrungsprohlcm beini .Mcnsrhcn. 

 Jena 1913. 



MI. Lundborg, Rassenmisrhung-vcrnuIuU- Ilctcrozygotic (Cienchaos)-Konstitutionsveran- 

 derungen — Habitus asthcnicus sive paralyticus (Zunahmc der Kiirpergrossc usw.) — Tuberkulose. 

 Eine L'rsachenvettc. Hcreditas, Hd. II. Lund 1921. 



