276 



The Journal of Heredity 



face, especially in its upper part. 

 It is to this latter phenomenon that I 

 wish to draw attention in the follow- 

 ing discussion. Judging from circum- 

 stances, it occurs in a certain percent 

 among race-mixed human elements 

 everywhere in the world, among so- 

 cially and economically well situated 

 people, as well as among poor and 

 destitute individuals. At least, I have 

 obser\-ed it in different parts of Sweden 

 in crossings between Swedes of the 

 Nordic race type and individuals of 

 other nationalities and races, such as 

 Jews, Walloons, Gipsies, and so on. 

 In the European ro>al families one 

 very often observes this phenomenon in 

 a great many members, which is quite 

 a natural thing, as more or less strong 

 racial mixture has taken place in all 

 these families. A superficial look at the 

 numerous portraits occurring in Wran- 

 gel's great work "The Sovereign Royal 

 Families of Europe" (Les Maisons 

 souveraines de I'Europe, Stockholm 

 1898) will clearly show this. 



The photographs in Fig. 28 are repre- 

 sentative. It certainly is no chance 

 that these long-drawn facial types most 

 frequently are to be found in the 

 Russian and Austrian royal families 

 with their heterogeneous blood-mix- 

 ture. Nor is it astonishing, that all the 

 three kings of the Scandinavian em- 

 pires, all nearly related to one another, 

 are, like several of their near relatives, 

 especially tall people with rather long 

 faces, and they surpass the Swedes in 

 general, who, nevertheless, belong to the 

 tallest nationalities in the world. The 

 stronger race-mingling in the royal 

 families is most certainly the cause. 

 Also in other countries and continents 

 renowned investigators have observed 

 the phenomenon in question. 



Hagen-^ has, as far as I know, first of 

 all been struck by the same among 

 East-Asiatic and Melanesian peoples. 

 He has by exact measurements con- 

 firmed his statements that the race- 

 hybrids have longer and narrower faces 



than both the parental races. Thus 

 there is no doubt as to the correctness 

 of the fact. Later on Fischer^ has also 

 made similar obser\-ations in South- 

 Africa. 



Hagen writes about this matter as 

 follows: "While the inland Malays are 

 prevailingly medium, and even long- 

 skulled, but at the same time almost all 

 short and broad-faced, the reverse is 

 true among the mixed or Coast Malays; 

 the head is shorter and the face longer. 

 Both are often found in very pro- 

 nounced degree. Here we have an ab- 

 solutely typical appearance of crossing. 



"Just where this ver>' remarkable but 

 quite characteristic elongation of the 

 face of the Tamil-Malay cross of the 

 second degree has its basis is a riddle 

 which we at this moment cannot 

 solve. The appearance is not confined 

 to the Tamil-Malay cross, for we shall 

 see it later in the Chinese-Malay cross. 

 If we therefore find long faces suddenly 

 appearing among the chamaeprospic, 

 primitive Malayan peoples, the as- 

 sumption of crossing is not entirely un- 

 reasonable. If we find associated with 

 this long face a short, brachycephalic 

 skull, the thought may become almost a 

 certainty. I have tried to explain this 

 remarkable occurrence thus: that the 

 hereditary tendency of the original 

 race elements was to ascertain degree 

 stimulated to accelerated reaction as 

 soon as through the foreign crossing 

 element the reverted cross became pre- 

 dominant. 



North-American full-blood Indians 

 are like the Eskimos distinguished by 

 a very great facial breadth. Boas* in 

 1895 proved that the facial breadth de- 

 creases in crossing. 



He states: "The fundamental differ- 

 ence between the white race and the 

 Indian shows even in the earliest child- 

 hood, therefore one may not trace the 

 narrow face of the whites and crosses 

 to an earlier checking of growth proc- 

 esses, but one must see in it the effect 

 of a different beginning. 



' n. Hagen, Kopf- unci Gesichtstypen ostasiasischcr und mulancsischer Vcilker, Stuttgart 1906. 

 * K. Fischt-r, I. c. 



' Fr. Hoas, Zur Anthropologic dor nordanurikanisclicn Indiancr. Zcitschr. f. Etiinoloijic. 

 Bd. 27, p. M)(>. 



