200 JOURNAL OF THE WASHINGTON ACADEMY OF SCIENCES VOL. 13, No. 10 
incompressible, its density is everywhere the same. Consequently 
mass may be identified with volume of ether. It has the dimensions of 
space. This is in accordance with the conclusions of Fournier d’ Albe* 
who gives » no dimensions and also with the identification of matter 
with space by Descartes. Since mass is magnetic flux-seconds, its 
relation to the quantum constant, h, which is ergs-seconds, is apparent 
at once, and this will be taken up later. Since mass is magnetic flux- 
seconds and magnetic flux is quantity of electricity x velocity, mass 
is current < inductance X time, or it is, as specified at the outset, 
proportional to quantity of electricity <x inductance. 
The derivation of the dimensions of mass can also be made from 
energy in the following way: 
Energy consists of the product of two factors: a quantity factor, 
and an intensity factor. The total work it is capable of doing depends 
on these two factors. Whether any interchange of energy occurs 
between two systems depends always on the intensity factor, not on the 
quantity factor. The quantity factor of energy always has the dimen- 
sions of mass, (M); the intensity factor has the dimensions of L?/T?, 
that is the dimensions of the square of a velocity, or an elasticity. For 
example, the total energy in a waterfall is measured by the quantity of 
water available multiplied by the height of the fall and the acceleration 
due to gravity. The intensity factor is hence height, or (L), times an 
acceleration or (L/T?) and this is equal to (L?/T?). These dimensions 
must be the same for the intensity factor of every form of energy; 
and from them the dimensions of mass may be obtained. For example, 
volume energy as it may be called, i.e., the total kinetic energy of the 
molecules of a gas, is proportional to the product of the pressure per 
square centimeter multiplied into the volume. The intensity factor 
here is the pressure per square centimeter, which decides whether 
energy will flow from one to another of two containers put into com- 
munication. The intensity factor is hence F/L? = M/LT*. But this 
is equal to L?/T?. Hence (M) = (L’). Similarly the quantity factor 
in the case cited is the volume, (L*), and this is necessarily equal to 
(M). Similarly the intensity factor of free energy, the energy of 
radiation for instance, is the density of the energy, or the energy per 
ec., ML?/L'T? = M/LT? =L?/T?. Hence again M = L*. Tem- 
perature is often called the intensity factor of heat energy, but this is 
incorrect if temperature be identified with the kinetic energy of the 
molecules. The temperature of a molecule is its kinetic energy. The 
‘Fournier: The Electron Theory. Longmans, Green & Co. 1906. 
