Marshail: Corriedale Sheep 
ewes, and Sutton and Webster rams, the result 
being a very high class type of half-bred 
sheep. In 1890 two rams bred by Mr. Tanner, 
from Merino ewes and Lincoln rams, were 
used, but the result was not considered satis- 
factory. About the same time twenty stud 
Merino ewes were purchased from Mr. 
D. Rutherford and the same number from 
the Horsley Downs Flock. By this means 
fresh blood was procured and was kept going 
on the line breeding until 1902, when a Corrie- 
dale ram was procured from Mr. Jas. String- 
fellow. In 1909 a ram was used bred by New 
Zealand and Australian Land Company 
(Moeraki Estate). The rams used in the 
flock with these exceptions have all been 
descended from ‘Old Jonathan,’”’ bred by Mr. 
Little twenty years ago. 
In 1903 the flock was transferred from 
Allendale to Dalmeny. 
Returns for 1911. 
Ewes put to ram in 1911, 858. 
Ewes, four-tooth and upwards... 598 
DMEAnMMPYEWESmr a eee s esis «= 260 
RG ballepree et tres ep ee ee. Coe © 858 
Lambs bred in 1910—rams, 421; ewes, 483. 
Sires used in 1911, bred by owner. 
Rams sold—two-tooth, 131. 
THE PROPERTY OF THE NEW ZEALAND AND 
AUSTRALIAN LAND COMPANY LTD. 
Moeraki Estate, Hampden, Otago. 
This flock was founded by Mr. W. S. David- 
son, at the New Zealand and Australian Land 
Company’s Levels Estate in 1874. One 
thousand Merino ewes were put to Lincoln 
rams, and out of the produce of these ewes 150 
half-bred ewes were selected for mating with 
rams, also out of the same ewes. 
Since 1874 the progeny of these ewes have 
been in-bred with rams out of the same flock. 
The only outside blood introduced being a ram 
bought in 1892 from Mr. Tanner, Hawke’s 
Bay (who had then an in-bred flock started 
about the same time as the Levels Estate 
Flock), and one ram from Messrs. Reid Bros., 
Darfield, in 1902, but these two rams were 
very slightly used. In 1904, when the New 
Zealand and Australian Land Company gave 
up the Levels Estate for closer settlement, 
some of the Levels Estate Corriedale Flock 
was transferred to the New Zealand and Austra- 
lian Land Company's Moeraki Estate at 
Hampden, where its breeding has been con- 
tinued on the same lines as in previous years, 
and no outside blood has been introduced into 
the -flock since it was transferred to that 
property. 
Returns for 1911. 
Ewes put to ram in 1911, 502. 
Ewes four-tooth and over...... 391 
Shearling ewes from own flock... 111 
BC eeee Nie rte eR AT 502 
Lambs bred in 1910—rams, 231; ewes, 257. 
Sires used in 1911, bred by owner. 
Rams sold—two-tooth, 223; four-tooth, 4. 
> 
93 
The above entries show the common 
form of entry in the New Zealand flock 
book. The number of ewes bred, the 
origin of the sires and number of lambs 
raised and sold constitute the only facts 
ecorded. 
Admission of a flock to the book of 
record is conditional upon approval of 
an examining committee who regard 
merit and uniformity and may require 
the disposal of some animals before ac- 
cepting the flock for record in the flock 
book. Most of the flocks accepted so 
far have been bred along the same line 
for from twenty toforty years. There is 
no regulation as to the number of genera- 
tion necessary for admission to record. 
Continuous use of the offspring of young- 
est ewes would permit securing ten gen- 
erations in twenty years but it never 
happens that all ewes are discarded after 
producing their first lambs. The bulk of 
a thirty-year-old Corriedale flock in New 
Zealand probably have back of them 
ten or twelve generations of descendants 
of the original crosses. One or two 
breeders made a special claim of having 
added fixity of type by always using the 
youngest rams available in order to in- 
crease the number of generations of se- 
lected ancestry. None of the private 
records permits of tabulating pedigrees 
to show dams for more than one or two 
generations, consequently Corriedale his- 
tory must be read in rather a general way. 
The organization of Corriedale breeders 
recently formed in Australia requires 
that before being admitted to the flock 
book, flocks must be inbred half-breds 
for at least nine generations after the 
Lincoln-Merino foundation cross-breds. 
In case of breeding Corriedale rams up- 
on half-bred ewes, six generations 
suffice. 
It required no experiment to secure 
the desired type in establishing the 
Corriedale. The problem was entirely 
one of giving fixity to a type produced 
by crossing. The Lincoln and such 
English and Border Leicesters as were 
used may be regarded as practically of 
one type for consideration in this con- 
nection. The English Leicester was de- 
veloped solely by selection, as its 
founder, Robert Bakewell, could draw 
