_ into law. 
Corrie: Pollinating Fruit Trees 
ever, I have reason to believe that these 
cases may be much more frequent, and 
if it is found to be so, it will be of great 
importance to the practical man. The 
variety Bramley’s Seedling appears to 
be of no use whatever as a pollenizer 
for Cox’s Orange, and there is some 
indication that many other varieties 
may be found to be similar to Bramley’s 
Seedling in this respect. Other cases 
have been found where varieties have 
been crossed, and yet no seed has 
developed; the carpel has simply swollen 
up and I have noticed where seedless 
apples and apples with seed have 
occurred upon the same tree, that the 
former have been to a marked extent, 
inferior in size and in some cases in 
shape also. 
THE PROBLEM OF AFFINITY 
Even with varieties which are potent 
and do produce seed, there appears 
still to be a variation in their affinity— 
the pollen from some varieties appears 
to set and develop a higher percentage 
of fruit than pollen from others. Cox’s 
Orange has developed good crops when 
crossed with Stirling Castle, Beauty of 
Bath and Duchess Favourite. 
Although the pollen of Bramley’s 
Seedling is apparently of no use in 
effecting the fertilisation of Cox’s 
Orange, the pollen of the latter variety 
appears to be perfectly potent on 
Bramley’s, and good crops have been 
obtained. Considering this from a prac- 
tical view, it is possible that a large 
block of Cox’s Orange might be inter- 
planted with Bramleys only, and if no 
other varieties were in the vicinity the 
trees of Cox’s Orange would be prac- 
tically barren, whilst the Bramleys 
369 
would carry good crops. Extending 
this view: for all that: is known at 
present, Cox’s Orange might even be 
in the midst of several varieties, and 
they might all be similar to Bramley’s 
in being of no use as pollenizers, and I 
am inclined to suggest that in some of 
the cases where Cox’s Orange crops so 
badly it might be due to such conditions 
as these prevailing, and also in the 
cases where they crop so well to having 
suitable varieties as neighbors. 
These variations are in no way due 
to a deficiency of pollen, nor to the 
failure of varieties to flower at the 
same time, which is of course essential. 
In cherries also there appears to be 
slight evidence that some sections, or at 
least some varieties, may prove to be 
of little, if any, value as pollenizers for 
other sections or varieties.” 
If fruit trees in general can be classi- 
fied from a physiological point of view, 
as I am inclined to think they can, it 
will be of real value to the practical man, 
as he would then be equipped with a 
knowledge that would enable him to 
interplant to the best advantage, and 
I do not think that this would necessarily 
involve planting, as pollenizers, varieties 
which are of little commercial value. 
In conclusion, I would say that much 
is still in a negative stage (and also that 
possibly some of the cases of inefficiency 
of varieties as pollenizers, may be found 
to be more or less coupled with morpho- 
logical differences), but with further 
critical investigation there is no doubt 
that many facts will be discovered which 
will be of great practical value to the 
fruitgrower, and probably will throw 
light on some problems of theoretical 
importance as well. 
2 This is confirmed by American work. See ‘“‘Sweet Cherry Breeding” by V. R. Gardner, in 
JOURNAL OF HEREDITY, VI, 7, pp. 312-313, July, 1915.—Tue Epiror. 
Bounties for Babies in France 
Child-bearing is to become a sub- 
sidized industry in France if a bill 
introduced before the Chamber of 
Deputies by Paul Benazet is enacted 
It provides, as summarized 
by cable dispatches, that the state shall 
pay $100 (500 francs) to a mother for 
the first child born, $200 for the second 
child, $400 for the third, and. $200 for 
each subsequent child thereafter, mak- 
ing payment a year after birth if the 
child is living. Such measures are 
probably based more on the need for 
soldiers than on any other consideration; 
they are too indiscriminate to be con- 
sidered eugenic. 
