ELISHA MITCHELL SCIENTIFIC SOCIETY 98 
ON THE NEUSE RIVER. 
On the Neuse river, as on the Tar, there is rather a 
remarkable absence of conditions favorable the develop- 
ment of large waterpowers. Of the two powers worthy 
of mention, both lie within the granite area, one to the 
north and the other to the north-east of Raleigh, and are 
due to local changes in the character of the granitic 
rock. 
ON THE CAPE FEAR RIVER. 
The fall-line zone on the Cape Fear river may be said 
to begin where this river is former by the junction of the 
Deep and Haw rivers, and to extend from that point toa 
short distance below Smileys falls, near Averasboro. 
In this distance of about 35 miles there is a succession of 
shoals beginning just above with Buckhorn falls, 9 miles 
below the junction of the two rivers, where there 1s a 
fall of 20 feet in a distance of one and one-half miles, 
while the lowest of the prominent shoals, ‘‘Smileys 
falls,’ 30 miles below the junction, has a fall of 27 feet 
in a distance of three and one-half miles. The total fall 
from the junction of the two rivers to just below Smileys 
falls is about 100 feet. Within 17 miles below Smileys 
falls, by river, there are at least three different shoals, 
the last of which is only 8 miles above Fayetteville ; but 
none of them are of any importance, and they need hard- 
ly be considered in this connection. 
The outlying gravels of the coastal plain deposits are 
to be found on the hills two miles to the west of the 
junction of the Haw and Deep rivers, so that all the 
shoals just mentioned lie within this region, and the 
sands and loams and gravels characteristic of the border 
deposits are exposed here and there in the river bluffs, 
though in the river channel these have been removed and 
the waters rush along over the upturned and irregular 
