NATURAL HISTOEY. 411 



108. Sitta carol'mensis, Gm. — White-bellied Nutliatch. Resident 

 all the year. Very abundant, especially in fall. High, open woods, 



109. Sitta canadensis, Linn. — Red-bellied Nuthatch. Winter resi- 

 dent. Arrives early in October, and remains until May. Rather 

 rare. High, open Avpods, pine forests. 



110. Pdioptila ccerulea, (Linn.,) Sclat. — Blue-Gray Gnatcatcher. 

 Summer resident. Arrives early, the first week in April; remains until 

 latter part of September. Very abundant. Breeds in high, open 

 woods; on its first arrival frequents tall trees on the sides of streams, 

 orchards, <fec. 



in. Loiolioplianes hicolor, (Linn.,) Bon. — Permanent resident, but 

 the greater number breed further north. Exceedingly abundant, 

 especially in fall. Found in all situations. 



112. Parus atricapillus, Linn. — Black-capped 'Chick-a-dee. Win- 

 ter resident. 



113. Parus carolinensis, Aud. — Carolina Ohick-a-dee. Summer 

 resident. (Owing to the close resemblance of these two species, we 

 have not been able to detect their times of arrival and departure.) 



114. EremopMla cornuta, (Wils.,) Boie. — Sky-lark. Winter resi- 

 dent. Arrives November 1; remains until April, ilbundant. In- 

 habits, exclusively, bare level meadows and open commons. Emi- 

 nently gregarious while here. 



115. Pinicola canadensis, (Briss.,) Cab. — Pine Grosbeak. An ex- 

 ceedingly rare and probably only accidental visitant in severe win- 

 ters. 



116. Carpodacus purpureus, (Gm.,) Gray. — Purple Finch. Winter 

 resident; very abundant; eminently gregarious. Arrives early in 

 October, and remains until May. Stragglers are seen through the 

 greater part of that month, but the majority depart as soon as the 

 leaves are fully expanded. High, open woods ; feeding chiefly 

 (entirely in spring) on tender 3'oung buds. Are in full song before 

 they take their departure. 



117. Chrysomitris tristis, (Linn.,) Bon. — Gold Finch. ' ' Briar Bird." 

 Permanent resident. Exceedingly abundant. Breeds in numbers 

 throughout the city, building in the crotches of poplars and maples. 

 In winter gregarious, collecting in very large flocks about the 25th 

 of September, and continuing so until May. Is in dull plumage as 

 long as it remains in flocks. 



118. Chrysomitris pinus, (Wils.,) Bon. — Pine Finch. Winter resi- 

 dent; rather uncommon; always found in flocks, frequently associating 

 with C. tristis. Remains until May. 



119. j^giothus linaria, (Lin.,) Cab. — Common Red-poll Linnet. 

 Rare, perhaps only accidental visitant in severe winters, when it ap- 

 pears in restless flocks of greater or less extent. 



[The two species of Cross-bills — Ourvirostra americano, and 

 leucoptera — undoubtedly sometimes make their appearance in severe 

 winters, though we have not been able to ascertain the fact with 

 certainty.] 



120. Plectrophanes nivalis, Meyer. — Snow Banting. Rare visitant 

 in the depth of w^inter. 



[P. lapponicus may very possibly visit us occasionally.] 



