continued. " Cepphus lacteolus" Pallas re-appears as " Colymbus lacteolus." 

 Linnreus' '• Colymbus " iroille is repeated, of course ; but the other two species 

 of Murre, thousyh having already made their ddbiit, are discontinued, unless 

 one of them is intended by a certain " Colymbus minor" (im., for which 

 Briinnich's Nos. 110, 111, are cited. -4/ca " pica " and ^. " balthica " are 

 perpetuated. (No additions ; species still fourteen.) 



(1790.) Latham, Index Ornithologicun. — This is tlie one of Dr. Latham's seve- 

 ral works in which species are binomialized, and it is therefore the authorita- 

 tive one. Except in adopting Uria (after Brisson), the Index is nearly a repeti- 

 tion of Gmelin. We have nothing new, except the first unequivocal indication 

 of Uria columha in Latham's " Jjria grylle, Var. B, from Aoonalaschka " (" fascia 

 alarum gemina alba,'' which was " grylle Var. A" of Latham's Synopsis, vol. 

 iii.) " Alca Candida " Briiun. and " Cepphus lacteolus " Pallas — both of which 

 are merely albinos — still hold their ground ; but the nominal species based 

 upon the plumages of Utaviania tord-j, hitherto rampant, subside into " varie- 

 ties." (Species still fourteen.) 



(ITOO.) BoxNATERRE, Encyclopedifi Methodique, Orn. — Genus ringiiinus insti- 

 tuted, with Alca impennis L. as type. A certain " Uria nivea " is named, for 

 ■which the author quotes Pallas, Spec. Zool. v. p. 33 (" lacteolus "; =: albino 

 grylle or columha'). 



(1794.) DoNN'DORFF (JoHANN August), Beytraje. Zoologische, zweyter band, 

 erster theil. — The great synonyniist of the eighteenth century, as he fairly de- 

 serves to be called, gives no descriptions, but laboriously collates astonishing 

 lists of synonyms. In the cases of some well-known birds, the citations stretch 

 over several pages, giving one such an idea of the extent of the ornithological 

 literature of the last century as could hardly be gained from any other work. 

 Donndorif follows Linnsus in bis reference of the Auks to two genera, Alca 

 and Colymbus ; the now sub-family Urinse composing his " Colymbi mit dreyze- 

 higen Fiissen," as distinguished from the four-toed Divers proper. With this 

 author Alca " pica " and " balthica " revive ; ^4. " labradorica " and A. " pyg- 

 mffia" continue in their original significance ; Pallas' four species remain, and 

 also his nominal species " lacteolus ;" five varieties of ^rsi/Wp are enumerated, 

 of which Var. " B " is columha. By the names " Colymbus minor " and " troile" 

 the author probably intends to distinguish two species of JIurre, but his syno- 

 nyms are inextricably confused. The var. "^" of trodc is, however, uumis- 

 takeably ritigvia of Briinn. 



Such was the general status of Alcidine literature as it came from the hands 

 of the writers of the eighteenth century. We have fourteen well-known valid 

 species, and indications of the fifteenth {Uria columha). 



(1801.) Lepechin, Nova Acta Petrop. xii. — Alca camtschatica described. 

 (Species now fifteen.) 



(1811.) Pallas, Zoographia Rosso-Asiatica. — Dr. Pallas for the second time 

 comes forward to take a long step in advance of his contemporaries, with nu- 

 merous new species from the North Pacific, and with a more extensive sub- 

 division of the family. Six valid new species are described : to wit, " Cepphus " 

 columha, " Cepphus " carho, " Alca" monocerata, " Uria" aleiUica, " Uria " dubia, 

 and " Uria " pusilla. Four known species are re-named : the Antient Auk 

 being called " Uria senicula," the Camtschatkan Auk " Uria mystacea," the 

 thick-billed Guillemot " Cepj^Iius arra," and the marbled Guillemot "Cepphus 

 perdix '' " Cepphus lomvia," Pallas, equals " Uria lomvia," Briinnich, equals 

 " Colymbus" troi/e, Linnaeus. As in 1769, Dr. Pallas calls the Guillemots all 

 " Cepphus;" all the other Auks are consigned to " Uria" except the Puffins, for 

 which the generic name " Lunda " (after Gesner) is employed. Alca psittacula 

 is ranged in this genus. (Species now twenty-one.) 



(1811.) IllictER, Prodromus. — Genus Jlormon instituted for the Puffins. 

 (1816.) ViEiLLOT, Analyse. — Genus Mergulus (after Piay) adopted for Alca alle 



