1» 



of flight, reaching when folded beyond base of tail ; more than twice as long 

 as tail from carpal joint to end of longest primary. Tail rather short, pointed, 

 of somewhat stiffened, acuminate feathers, of which the central pair are elon- 

 gated and tapering. Legs short, stout; tibiaj bare for a short space above joint; 

 tarsi compressed, anteriorly with a single row of scutella;, posteriorly and late- 

 rally finely reticulate, shorter than the middle toe. Toes long, outer nearly 

 equal to middle, inner much shorter ; interdigital membranes broad and full ; 

 claws short, stout, obtuse. Bill about as long as head, densely feathered for 

 half its length ; feathers on upper mandible extending beyond middle of com- 

 missure, nearly as far as those on lower mandible. Bill greatly compressed, 

 its sides flat, with several transverse sulci, its culmen ridged, regularly con- 

 vex ; tip of upper mandible declinate, rather acute ; its base encircled by a pro- 

 minent ridge ; gonys about straight ; commissure straight to tip, then sudden- 

 ly deflected. Nostrils just above cutting edge of bill, in its feathered portion, 

 just posterior to basal ridge, impervious, narrowly linear. 



Comprising a single species, upon the varying plumages of which numerous 

 nominal species were established by the earlier authors. The employ of the 

 present name for the genus, instead of Alca of Linnseus, 1758, is perhaps de- 

 fensible, upon the grounds alluded to ; although the reason for the non-accept- 

 ance by authors of Torda of Dum^ril as a generic designation is not apparent. 

 It would be easy to find, among the synonyms of the species, a trivial name 

 to replace Torda^ should it become necessary to use this as a patronym. 



Utamania torda, (Z/.) Leach. 



Alca torda. Linnaeus, S. N. ed. x. 1758, i. p. 130, adiilt. Id. ibid. ed. xii. 1766, 

 i. p. 210 ; adult. Briinnich, Orn. Bor. 1764, p. 2.'5, No. 100 ; adult. Gmelin, 

 S. N. i. pt. ii. 1788, p. 551. Latham, Ind. Orn. ii. 1790, p. 793, No. 5. Donn- 

 dorfiF, Beytr. Zool. ii. pt. i. p. 819. Scopcli, Bemerk. Naturg. i. p. 81, No. 

 94. Miiiler, Zool. dan. Prodr. p. 16, No. 136. Pallas, Zoogr. R.-A. ii. 1811, 

 p. 360. Temminck, Man Orn. ii. 182 0, p. 936. Bonaparte, Synopsis, 1828, 

 p. 431. Audubon, Orn. Biogr. iii. 1835, p. 112 ; v. p. 428, pi. 214. Gould, 

 B. Eur. v. 1837, p. pi. 401. Brandt, Bull. Acad. St.-Petersb. ii. 1837, p. 

 345. Peabody, Rep. Nat. Hist. Massach. 1840, ii., Birds, p. 401. Fleming, 

 Hist. Brit. Anim. 1842, p. 130. Gray, Genera Birds, iii. 1849, p. 637. Thomp- 

 son, Nat. Hist. Ireland, iii. 1851, p. 235. Bonaparte, Consp. Gav. Coraptes 

 Rend. 1856. Bryant, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H. May, 1861, p. 73. Schlegel, 

 Urinatores Mus. Pays-Bas, 1867, p. 13. fiamuels, Ornith. and Ool. of New 

 England, 1867, p 564. 



Alca {Utamania) torda, Cassin, Baird's B. N. A. 1858, p. 901. 



Pingninus torda, Bonnaterre, Ency. Method. Orn. 1790, p. 29. 



Utamania torda, Leach, Stephens. Shaw's Gen. Zool. xiii. 1825, p. 27 ; quotes 

 ^^Alca Hoieri, Ray, Syn. 119." Macgillivraj', Hist. Brit. Birds, ii. 1852, p. 346. 

 Coues, Pr. A. N. S. Philada. Aug. 1861, p. 249. Boardman, Pr. Bost. S. N. 

 H. Sept. 1862, p. 131. Verrill, ibid. Oct. 1862, p. 142. Verrill, Proc. Essex 

 Inst. iii. 1863, p. 160. 



Alca pica, Linnaus, S.N. ed. xii. i. 1766, p. 210 ; immature or winter plumage. 

 Pallas. Spic. Zool v. 1760, p. 12. Fabricius, Fn. Groen, 1780, No. 51. Gme- 

 lin, S. N. i. pt. ii. 1788, p. 551. Latham, Ind. Orn. ii. 1790, p. 793, No. 5; 

 var. (i and y. Donndorff, Beytr. Zool. ii. pt. i. 1794, p. 818; quotes '^ Mergus 

 Bellonii, Johnston, Av. p. 225." Miiiler, Zool. Prodr. p. 17, No. 138. 

 Hermann, Tab. Affin. Anim. p. 225. Pallas, Zoog. R.-A. 1811, ii. p. 361. 



Pinguinus pica, Bonnaterre, Ency. Method. Orn. 1790, p. 30. 



Utamania pica , Leach, Stephens, Shaw's Gen. Zool. xiii. 1825, p. 30. 



Alca halthica, ^vnnnK\\, Orn. Bor. 1764, p. 25, No. 101; immature, wanting 

 white line from eye to bill. Gmelin, S. N. i. pt. ii. 1788, p. 551. Miiiler, 

 Prodr. Zool. p. 17, No. 137. Donndorff, Beytr. Zool. ii. pt. i. 1794, p. 819. 



Alca iminulcata, Briinnich, Orn. Bor. 1764, p. 25, No. 102; young, not having 

 obtained full size and markings of bill. 



