21 



II. A short blunt process on the upper eyelid. A black ring 

 around the neck, not extending to bill. 



Bill moderate; chord of culmen 2-00, the curve 2-10, 

 the ordinate -30 ; depth at base 1-40 (average), wing 



6'50 2. arctica. 



Bill large ; chord of culmen 2-40, the curve 2-60, the or- 

 dinate -45; depth at base 1-70 (average), wing 7-25... 3. glacialis. 



Fratercula arctica [L.) Steph, 



Alca arctic, Linnjeus, S. N. x. ed. 1758, i. p. 130, n. 3. Linnaeus, S. N. xi'. 



ed. 1766, i. p. 211, n. 3. Quotes Anas arctica, Clus., Lunda, Gesner, 



Pica marina, Ray, Psittaciis mariinis, Anders. Briinnich, Orn. Bor. 1764 



p. 25, No. 103. Graelin, S. X. i. pt. ii. 1788, p 549, No. 4. Latham, Ind! 



Orn. ii. 1790, p. 792, No. 3. Blumenbach, Handb. Naturg. p. 228, No. 1. 



Miiller, Prodr. Zool. p. 17, No. 140. Hermann, Tab. Affin. Anim. p. 150. 



Donndorff, Beytr. Zool. ii. pt. i. 1794, p. 815. 

 Lunda arctica, Pallas, Zoog. R.-A. 1811, ii. p. 365, pi. 83. Schlegel, Urinatores 



Mus. Pay-Bas. livr. ix. 1867, p. 28. (In part. Confounds glacialis Leach 



with the present species.) 

 Fratercula arctica, Stephens, Shaw's Gen. Zool. xiii. 1825, p. 37. Quotes 



'■Habradora Gm. Lath." as syn. Fleming, Hist. Brit. Anim. 1842, p. 130. 



Thompson, Nat. Hist. Ireland, iii. 1851, p. 221. Gray, Gen. Birds, iii. 1849, 



p. 637. 

 Fratercula (Ceratoblepharum) arctica, Brandt, Bull. Acad. St. Petersb. ii. 



1837, p. 348. 

 Mormon arctica, lUiger, Prodromus, 1811, p. Naumann, Isis. v. Oken, 1821, p. 



783, pi. 7, figs. 5, 6, 7. Audubon, Orn. Biog. iii. p. 105, pi. 213. Oct. Ed. 



vii. pi. 464. Nuttall, Man. Orn. ii. 1834, p. 548. Bonaparte, Synopsis, 1828, 



p. 430. Peabody, Rep. Nat. Hist. Mass. 1840, ii. Birds, p. 401. Macgillivray, 



Hist. Brit. Birds, 1852, ii. p. 365. Coues, Pr. A. N. S. Phila. Aug. 1861, p. 



251. Boardman, Pr. Bost. Soc. N. H. Sept. 1862, p. 131. Verrill, Proc. 



Host. Soc. N. H. Oct. 1862, p. 142. Verrill, Proc. Essex Inst. iii. 1864. p. 160. 



Samuels, Ornith. and Ool. of New England, 1867, p. 566. 

 Mormon [Fratercula) arctica, Bonaparte, Comptes Rendus, Apr. 1856, p. 774. 



Cassin, Birds N. A. 1858, p. 903. 

 Mormon fratercula, Temminck, Man. Orn. ii. p. 933. Gould, Birds Europe, v. 



1837, p. pi. 403. 

 3Iormon polaris et Grabx, Brehra. 



Alca deleta Briinnich, Orn. Bor. 1764, p. 25, No. 104. Young. 

 Alca lahradorica, Gmelin, S. N. i. pt. ii. 1788, p. 550, No. 6. Based upon the 



" Labrador Auk " of Pennant, A. Z. 1785, ii. p. 512, No. 428 ;* and Lath. 



Syn. iii. i. p. 318, No. 4. "Hab. in terra Labrador ; Arcticx magnit. 12 ferfe 



poll. long. Rostr. angustum, mand. sup. obscure rubra, inf. albida nigro 



maculata ; tempora obscurfe alba, gula, alaj, et cauda brevis obscure, pedes 



rubri." Bonnaterre, Ency. Method. Orn. 1790, p, 33. Donndorff, Beytr. 



Zool. ii. pt. i. 1794, p. 817. 

 Alca labradura, Latham, Ind. Orn. ii. 1790, p. 793, No. 4. Same basis as that 



of Gmelin. " Rostro carinato, mand. inf. gibba, ad apicem macula nigra, 



oculorum orbita temporibusque albidis, * * color corporis fere ut in 



arctica," etc. — 'Not Sogmatorrhi?ia labradora Cassin, which is S. Lat hami Bp. 

 Spheniscus, Moehr'mg, Av. Gen. 1752, p. 62, No. 64. Based on " Colymbi species 



et Alca; species " of Linnaeus' sixth edition. " Rostrum subouatum, lateri- 



*The following is Pennant's description :—" With the bill an inch and a quarter long, 

 much carinated at top, not very deep, a little convex; upper mandible dusky, lower whitish, 

 marked with a black spot, and angulated like that of a gull; crown and upper part of the 

 body, wings and tail, dusky; lower part white; legs red. Size of the former," (Arctica.) 

 " Inhabits the Labrador coast? — Br. Mus." 



