24 



a decidedly different shape, owing chiefly to its greater depth at base, as com- 

 pared with its length, and much greater convexity of culmen. The only ques- 

 tionable relationship is with arctica ; the bird is certainly not corniculata. 



This species is usually cited by New England writers as occurring off" the 

 coast of Maine in winter. (Grand Menan, entrance of the Bay of Fundy.) In 

 this, however, they only quote Audubon's authority, which is not reliable in 

 this instance, as he himself says that he " rather supposed than was actually 

 certain that the birds observed were large-billed Puffins." The case is ren- 

 dered still more problematical by the fact that Audubon's " Large-billed 

 Puffin, Mormon glaciaUs Leach," is really the corniculata Naumann, described 

 and figured from specimens procured in London, from Mr. Gould, who also, in 

 the " Birds of Europe," mistakes the true glacialis Leach for corniculota Nau- 

 mann Subsequent writers will do well to expunge the name of this species 

 from their local lists of the birds of New England. It is exceedingly improb- 

 able that the true corniculata occurs on the New England coast. 



This species is usually cited as having been introduced in Stephens' Con- 

 tinuation of Shaw's General Zoology (18'.i5) ; but must have appeared some 

 years previous, since Naumann quotes " Mormon glacialis Leach," in the Isis, 

 1821. It was probably named by Leach about 1816-18. 



Fratercula corniculata, [Naumann), Gray. 



Mormon corniculata, Naumann, Isis v. Oken, 1821, p. '782, pi. 7, figs. 3, 4. 



(Kamtschatka.) Cassin, Pr. A. N. S. Philada. 1862, p. 324. (Behring's 



Straits.) 

 Mormon [Fratercula) corniculata, Bonaparte, Comptes Rendus, 1856, p. 774. 



Cassin, Baird's B. N. A. 1858, p. 902. 

 Fratercula corniculata. Gray, Gen. Birds, iii, 1849, p. 637, pi. 174. 

 Fratercula [Ceraloblepharum) corniculata, Brandt, Bull. Acad. St. Petersb. ii, 



1837, p. 348. Quotes " Mormon corniculatum, Kittlitz, Kupfer, i." 

 Mormon glacialis, Audubon, Orn. Biogr. iii, 1835, p. 599, pi. 293, fig. 1. Id. B. 



Amer. vii, p. , pi. 463. Not of authors. Gould, Birds Eur. v, 1837, pi. 



404. Not of authors. 

 ? Fratercula glacialis, Vigors, Zool. Voy. Blossom, 1839, Ornith. p. 33. Prob- 

 ably not true glacialis. 

 Lunda corniculata, Schlegel, Urinatores Mus. Pays-Bas, livr. ix, 1867, p. 28. 



Coasts and Islands of the North Pacific and Arctic oceans. Kamtschatka, 

 (Mus. Acad. Phila.) Sitka, (Schlegel, Mus. Pays-Bas.) Kotzebue Sound, and 

 St. Michael's, Russian America, (Mus. Smiths. Inst.) Southern extension on 

 ■west coast of America not determined. Not recorded from the North Atlantic. 



Adult, breeding plumage. (No. 46,503, Mus. Smiths., St. Michael's, Russian 

 America, June 27, 1866; H. M. Bannister.) Bill very large, especially high at 

 the base for its length, the height being about equal to the chord of the cul- 

 men, exclusive of the width of the basal rim ; base of culmen and angle of 

 gonys both produced far backward, giving a greatly curved outline to the base 

 of the bill along the feathers of the sides of the head ; sides of the bill not dis- 

 tinctly divided into two compartments ; nearly plane and smooth in their entire 

 length, with only three faintly pronounced short grooves ; culmen exceedingly 

 convex, regularly arched in the arc of a perfect circle ; the tip of the upper 

 mandible acute, moderately overhanging, the basal rim broad and prominent ; 

 rictus (not including the part beyond the basal rim of the upper mandible) 

 very short, only equal to the height of the upper mandible at base ; gonys 

 sinuate, at first convex in outline, then slightly concave ; its length but little 

 less than the chord of the culmen.* 



Appendage of the upper eye-lid produced into a long, slender, acutely pointed 



* The lower mandible in this specimen is so thin near the angle of the gonys as to be 

 trani-parcnt. Ordinary type can be read through it. 



