26 



LCNDA CIRRHATA, PalluS. 



Alca cirrhafa, Pallas, Spic. Zool. 1769, v, p. 7, pi. 1, and pi. 2. figs. 1, 2, 3. 

 Quotes Steller, Nov. Comm. Petrop. iv, p. 421, pi. 12, fig. 16. Gmelin, S. 

 N. i, pt. ii, 1788, p. 553. Quotes Pennant, A. Z. ii, p. 513, No. 432. Latham, 

 Ind. Orn. ii, 1799, p. 791, No. 2. Donndorff, Beytr. Zool. ii, pt. i, p. 822, No. 

 10. Quotes Anas arctica cirrhata, Steller. Sander, Grosse u. Schonh. in 

 Natur. i, p. 244. Hermann, Tab. Aff. Anim. p. 150 ; and of the other early 

 authors. 



Lunda cirrhata, Pallas, Zoog. R.-A. ii, 1811, p. 363, pi. 82. Schlegel, Urina- 

 tores Mus. Pays-Bas, 1867, p. 27. 



Mormon [Lunda) cirrfiata, Bonaparte, Comptes Rend., 1856, p. 774. Cassin, 

 Baird's B. N. A. 1858, p. 902. 



Mormon ch-rhata, Bonaparte, Syn. 1828, p. 429. Audubon, Orn. Biogr. iii, 

 1835, p. 36;, pi. 249, figs. 1, 2. (Kennebec R., Me.) Audubon, B. Amer. 



vii, 1844, p. , pi. — . Boardman, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H. 1862, p. 132. 



(Maine). Verrill, Proc. Essex Inst, iii, 1864, p. 160. (Maine). Heermann, 

 Pac. R. R. Rep. x, 1859, Route to California, Birds, p. 75. Cooper and Suck- 

 ley, Pac. R. R. Rep. xii, pt. ii, 1859, p. 283. 



Mormon cirrata, Naumann, Isis, 1821, p. 781, pi. 7, fig 1. 



Fratercula cirrhata, Stephens, Shaw's Gen. Zool. xiii, 1825, p. 40. Vieillot, 

 Gal. Ois. ii, 1825, p. 240, pi. 296. Vigors, Zool. Voy. Blossom, Ornith. 1839, 

 p. 33. Gray, Gen. Birds, iii, 1849, p. 637. Cassin, Pr. A. N. S. Phila. 1862, 

 p! 324. 



Fratercula [Gyr^noblepharum) cirrata, Brandt, Bull. Acad. St. Petersb. ii, 1837, 

 p. 349. 



Arctic Ocean ; Coasts and Islands of the North Pacific ; on the American 

 side south to California ; of occasional occurrence on the Atlantic Coast of 

 North America, (Kennebec River, Audubon : spec, obtained ; Bay of Fundy, 

 in winter, Verrill,) Spec, in Mus. Acad. Philada., Mus. Smiths., Cab. Geo. N. 

 Lawrence, author's Cab., etc. 



Bill very large and heavy, much longer than the head or middle toe and 

 claw, its depth at base three-fourths its length ; excessively compressed, the 

 sides nearly perpendicular, except at base of upper mandible, where they bulge 

 a little. Upper mandible divided into two portions ; the basal part with its 

 sides perfectly smooth, bounded along the base by a slight oblique ridge of 

 subcorneous tissue, which is scarcely, however, elevated above the common 

 plane, and is minutely studded with points ; bounded above by a prominent 

 wide ridge formed of an accessory corneous piece which surmounts this por- 

 tion of the culmen ; bounded below by the nasal slit ; bounded anteriorly by 

 a deep groove whose convexity looks backwards ; these four boundaries en- 

 closing a subtrapezoidal space. The terminal part smooth, except in the 

 presence of three widely separated, oblique, curved, deep grooves, whose con- 

 vexity looks backwards Lower mandible with the sides perfectly smooth, the 

 base convex, the convexity looking backwards, with slight indication of a 

 ridge of punctulated subcorneous tissue. General outline of culmen convex ; 

 this convexity, however, interrupted near the middle by a notch, forming a re- 

 entrant angle between the two parts of the culmen, each of which, taken 

 separately, is convex in outline — the anterior part the most so. Rictus exceed- 

 ingly sinuate, the tip of the upper mandible being almost perpendicularly hung 

 over that of the lower; the angle of the mouth occupied by a large fibrous 

 or membranous excrescence, nearly circular in outline, turgid in life ; in the dry 

 state shrunken and minutely punctulated. This jieculiar warty excrescence 

 seems of nearly the same structure as the base of the bill itself, with which it 

 is directly continuous. Nasal slit short, linear, subbasal, placed close to the 

 commissural edge of the upper mandible. Palate and floor of mouth both 

 deeply excavated ; the cutting edge of both mandibles exceedingly sharp. 



The eyelids are naked along the edge, but present no thickening or unusual 



