A large white space on wing, entire. No white about 



head 1. grylle. 



A large white space on wing partially divided by a black 



line. No white about head 2. columba. 



No white on wing. Feathers around and behind eye and 



at base of bill, white 3. carlo. 



Or they may be still more briefly and quite as satisfactorily characterized 

 thus : — carlo — upper and under surfaces of wings black ; grylle — upper and 

 under surfaces of wings white ; columba — upper surfaces of wings white, under 

 black. 



The division of the white mirror on the upper surface of the wings of 

 columla is not the most important point of coloration, though the most 

 obvious, upon casual inspection, by which the species differs from grylle. A 

 still stronger diagnostic character lies in the absence of white on the under 

 surface of the wings. 



Uria grylle, [Linn.) Briinn. 



Columla groenland tea, "Linnseus, Syst. Nat. vi, ed. 1746, p. 23, No. 4. Alba- 



nus, Av. ii, p. 73, pi. 88. Ray, Syn. Av. p. 121, No. 6. Willoughby, Orn. p. 



245, pi. 78, Martens, Spitzburg. p. 56, pi. 50, fig. B." 

 Columbus groenlandicvs, "Klein Av. p. 168, No. 2." 

 Uria groenlandica, Briinnich, Orn. Bor. 1764, p. 28, No. 116, (blank.) 

 Uria nigra, striata, et minor, Brisson. 

 Alca grylle, Linnjeus, Syst. Nat. i, 1758, p. 130. Schlegel, Urinatores Mus. 



Pays-Bas. livr. ix, 18G7, p. 130, excl. synon. Cephus columba, Pall. 

 Colymbus grylle, hinnxns, Syst. Nat. i, 1766, p. 220. Hermann, Tabl. Affin. 



Anim. p. 148. Blumenbach, Handb. Naturg. p. 220 Milller, Zool. Dan. 



Prodr. p. 18. Gmelin, Syst. Nat. i, 1788, p. 584. Donndorff, Beytr. Zool. 



ii, pt. i, 1794, p. .871. Several states of plumages enumerated as varieties. 

 Uria grylle, Briinoich, Orn. Bor. 1764, p. 28, No. 113. Latham, Ind. Orn. ii, 



1790, p. 797, No. 2. Var. " B," is columba ; perhaps also var. "E," the same. 



Temmiuck, Man. Orn. ii, 1820, p. 925. Vieillot, Gal. Ois. ii, 1825, p. 235, 



pi. 294. Bonaparte, Syn. B. N. A. 1828, p. 423. Audubon, Orn. Biog. iii, 



1835, p. 148, pi. 219 and B. Amer. vii, 1844, p. 474. Peabody, Rep. Nat. 



Hist. Mus. 1840, Birds, p. 399. Gray, Genera Birds iii, 1849, p. 644. 



Thompson, Nat. Hist. Ireland, iii, 1851, p. 214. Macgillivray, Hist. Brit. 



Birds, 1852, ii, p. 331. Cassin, Birds N. A. 1858, p. 911, pi. 96, fig. 2 ; and 



Pr. A. N. S. Philada. 1862, p. 323. Herald Island. Bryant, Proc. Bost. 



Soc. Nat. Hist. May, 1861, p. 74. Cones, Pr. A. N. S. Philada. 1861, p. 225. 



Verrill, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. 1862, p. 131, and p. 142, and Proc. Essex 



Inst, iii, 1863, p. 160. Samuels, Ornith. and Ool.New Engl. 1867, p. 567. 

 Uria {Grijlle) grylle, Brandt, Bull. Acad. St. Petersb. ii, 1837, p. 346. 

 Uria (Cephus) grylle, Bonaparte, Comptes Rendus, 1856, xlii, p. 774. 

 Cephus grylle, Fleming, Hist. Brit. Anim. 1842, p. 134. 

 Cepphus lacteolus, Pallas, S. Z. v, 1769, p. 33. Albino, perhaps columba. 

 Colymbus lacteolus, Gmelin, Syst. Nat. i, 1788, p. 583. Albino. " C. niveus, 



rostro pedibusque ex carneo fuscescentibus." Donndorff, Beytr. Zool. ii, pt. 



i, 1790, p. 870. 

 Uria lacteola, Latham, Ind. Orn. ii, 1790, p. 798. Albino. 



Uria grylloides, Briinnich, Orn. Bor. 1764, p. 28, No. 114. Changing plumage. 

 Uria lallhica, 13runnich, Orn. Bor. 1764, p. 28, No. 115. Immature or winter. 

 Uria nivea, Bonnaterre, Ency. Method. Orn. 1790, p. 37. Albino, possibly of 



columba. Quotes Pall. Spec. Zool. v, p. 33. 

 Uria leucoptcra,* Vieillot, Nouv. Diet. d'Hist. Nat. xiv. 1817, p. 35. 



* " Cct oiso.au, dont je ne eonnais pas le pay.s natale, e.st totalement d'un noir profonde, 

 avec une gruiide plaque blancho surl'aile; sa taille est Ji peu pr6s la menie que celle du 

 precedent," {U. iroile) — Vieill., I.e. 



