72 



be seen bj the list of synonyms under head of this species. It is not possible 

 to determine from the description whether Mandtii is really based upon columba 

 or upon grylle. But Dr. Schlegel describes a specimen from Spitzbergen in 

 the Mus. Pays-Bas. — " un des individus types de VUria Mandtii Aq Lichtenstein, 

 obtenu du Musee de Berlin," as having the ^yhite feathers of the mirror tipped 

 "with clear brown, and the wing and the tail feathers faded grayish. This is 

 a common condition of autumnal specimens of grylle ; and the description 

 does not point more particularly to columba than to this species. Upon the 

 whole, it may be best to regard Mandtii Licht. as a synonj'm of grylle ; though 

 the name as used by Brandt, Bonaparte and some others refers unmistakeably 

 to columba. 



A certain Uria unicolor is described by Faber and Benecken and admitted as 

 distinct in the Comptes Rendus for 1856, by Bonaparte, who moreover places 

 it in a difFerent subgenus from grylle. Bonaparte does not use the term to 

 designate ffl?-6o Pall., which latter he gives as distinct. The name seems to have 

 been based upon the melanotic state of plumage of grylle. Dr. Schlegel 

 describes, in the ninth livraison of the Mus. Pays-Bas Catalogues, one of 

 Faber's type specimens from Greenland, as being " Au plumage d'un noir en- 

 fume absolument uniforme." 



Uria columba, (^Pallas) Cassin. 



Black Guillemot, variety from Kamtschatka, " with a white oblique line issuing 



from the white spot on the wings," Pennant, Arct. Zool. ii, 1785, p. 517. 

 Uria grylle, YHT. B, LathAm, Ind. Orn. ii, 1790, p. 797. " Fuliginosa, fascia 

 alarum gemiua alba. Lath. Syn. vi, p, 333, No. 3, var. a. Habitat in Aoona- 

 lashka." 

 Colymfms grylle, var. B, Donndorff, Beytr. Zool. ii, pt. i, 1794, p. 872. Quotes 



Latham and Pennant. 

 Cepphvs cobimba, Pallas, Zoog. R.-A. 1811, ii, p. 348. " In speciminibus orien- 



tali oceani, fascia alarum duplex," etc. (p. 349.) 

 Uria columba, Cassin, Voy. Vincennes and Peacock, Orn. Atlas, pi. 38, fig. 1. 

 Idem, Baird's B. N. A. 1858, p. 912, pi. 96, fig. 1. Idem, Pr. A. N. S. Phila. 

 1862, p. 323. Heermann, Pac. R. R. Rep. x, 1859, Route to California, 

 Birds, p. 76. Cooper and Suckley, Pac. R. R. Rep. xii, pt. ii, 1860, p. 285. 

 ffUria mandtii, Lichtenstein. Verzeich, 1823, p. 88. 

 Uria mandtii, Reichenbach, Vollst. Naturg. Schwimmvog, pi. 4, fig. 47. Gray, 



Genera Birds, iii, 1849, p. 644. 

 ITria (Grylle) mandtii, Brandt, Bull. Acad. St. Petersb. ii, 1837, p. 346. 

 Uria [Cephus) mandtii, Bonajjarte, Tabl. Comp. Pelag. Comptes Rendus, 1856, 

 xlii, p. 774. 



Asiatic and American coasts of the North Pacific, Kamtschatka (Mus. Acad. 

 ■Philada.), Russian America, Washington Territory, California (Mus. Smiths. 

 Inst.) Breeds on the islands off the coast of California. 



Bill stouter than that 

 of grylle, more obtuse at 

 the tip ; upper mandible 

 with the culmen straight, 

 or even just appreciably 

 convex, suddenly de- 

 flected ; rictus straight, 

 ascending to near the 

 tip ; gonys and outline 

 of inferior mandibular 

 rami straight. 



Adult. — Entirely fuli- 

 ginous or plumbeous 

 black, with a shade of 

 invisible green. White 



Fig. 14. — Uria columba. — Nat. aize. 



