76 



1 758. Gmelin, Syst. Nat. i, pt. ii, p. 788, p. .585 ; quotes lomvia of Briinnich, 

 No. 108. Donndorff, Rcytr. Zool. ii, pt. i, 1794, p. 874; confuses the quota- 

 tions of several species : e. g., quotes Uria troile, Lath., and Alca lomvia of 

 Linna?us' tenth edition. 

 Uria iroile, Latham, Ind. Orn. ii, 1790, p. 796, No. 1. Retzius, Fn. Suecica, p. 

 149. Nilsson, Ornith. Suec. 1821, ii, p. 142. Temminck, Man. Orn. ii, 1820, 

 p. 921. Selby, lllust. Brit. Ornith. ii, 183 k p. 420. Reinhardt, Natur. Bidrag, 

 p- 18, No. 87. Gould, B. Eur. v, 1837, pi. 396. Fleming, Hist.- Brit. Anim. 

 p. 134. De Kay, N. Y. Zool. 1844, Birds, p. 279. Gray, Genera Birds, iii, 

 1849, p. 644. Naumann, Naturg. Vog. Deutsch. ix, 1847, pi. 331. Peabody, 

 Rep. Nat. Hist. Mass. Birds, p. 399 ; confuses troile and ringvia. Thompson, 

 Nat. Hist. Ireland, iii, 1851, p. 207. Macgillivrav, Hist. Brit. Birds, ii, 1852, 

 p. 318. Bryant, Pr. Bost. Soc. N. H. May, 1861, "p. 74. 

 TJria {Lomvia) troile, Brandt, Bull. Acad. St. Petersb. ii, 1837, p. 345. Bona- 

 parte, Consp. Gav. Comptes Rendus, 1856, xlii, p. 774. 

 Catarractes troille, Bryant, Monog. Genus Cat. in Pr. Bost. Soc. N. H. 1861, p. 

 6, fig. 2(7. Verrill, Proc. B. S. N. H. Oct. 1862, p. 143. Idem, Proc. Essex 

 Inst, iii, 1863, p. 160. 

 Z7n(7/ow(i'iV7, Briinnich, Orn. Bor. 1764, p. 27, No. 108; quotes Alca lomvia, 

 Willoughby, t. 65. Not Alca lomvia, Linn., 1758. Scopoli, Bemerk. Naturg. 

 i, 1777, p. 88, No. 108; fide Donndorff. Keyserling and Blasius, Werbelth. 

 Europ. 1840, p. 238. 

 Uria (Cataractes) lomvia, Cassin. Baird's B. N. A. 1858, p. 913. Coues, Pr. A. 



N. S. Phila. Aug. 1861, p. 256. Boardman, Pr. 3. S. N. H. 1862, p. 131. 

 ? Cepphm lomvia, Pallas, Zoog. R.-A. 1811, ii, p. 345 ; quotes lomvia^'So. 108, of 

 Briinnich, as (^, and svarbag. No. 110, of Briinnich, as $ ; also quotes Col. 

 troile of Linnaus' 12th edition. Perhaps really refers to californicus. 

 Alca lomvia, Schlegel, Urinatores Mus. Pays-Bas^ livr. ix, 1867, p. 15. (Not of 

 Linna'us.) Ex parte. Author considers the present and the succeeding spe- 

 cies to be varieties of one and the same species. Describes both under same 

 name. Quotes Uria lomvia et swarbeg [lege svarbag] of Briinnich; Colymbus 

 troile of Linnaeus ; and Uria rhinyvia [lege ringvia] of Briinnich. 

 Colymbus minor, Gmelin, S. N. i, pt. ii, 1788, p. 585 ; confuses three species by 

 describing troile, and quoting Briinnich's No. 110 [svarbag] and Brlinnich's 

 No. Ill (ringvia). Donndorff, Beytr. Zool. ii, pt. i, p. 873 ; confuses three 

 species, by quoting Latham's var. B and Briinnich's Nos. 110, 111. Author's 

 var. y is true ringvia. 

 Uria minor, Stephens, Shaw's Gen. Zool. xii, 1824, p. 246, pi. 63 ; erroneously 

 quotes svarbag, Briinn. 



European and American coasts and islands of the North Atlantic, to or be- 

 yond 80° N. On the American coast, breeds from Nova Scotia northward. 

 " Its most favorite breeding-places south of the Straits of Belle Isle, are the 

 Funk Islands, off the coast of Newfoundland, Bird Rock, near the Magdalen 

 Islands, in the Gulf of St. Lawrence, and a number of small islands, generally 

 called Murre Rocks, between Meccatina and the Esquimaux Islands, on the 

 north sliore of the Gulf," (Bryant). In winter to the extreme southern coast 

 of New England. Specimens in all American cabinets. 



Adult, summer plumage. — Head and neck all around rich dark brown, which 

 changes on the back of the neck into dark slaty-brown, the color of the rest of 

 the upper parts. This hue is nearly uniform, but most of tlie feathers of the 

 back and rump have usually just appreciably lighter and more grayish-brown 

 tips. Secondaries narrowly, distinctly tipped with pure white. Exposed por- 

 tion of primaries dusky blackish, the shafts of the few outermost, and the 

 greater part of the inner webs of the whole, lighter (more grayish-brown), 

 tending to grayish-white towards the bases. Under wing coverts mostly white, 

 variegated with dusky along the edges of the wing, and the greater coverts 

 mostly of this latter color. Entire under parts from the throat pure white ; 



