81 



p. 644. Thompson, Nat. Hist. Ireland, iii, 1851, p. 213. Macgillivray, Hist. 

 Brit. Birds, ii. 1852, p. 314. 

 Uria [Lomvia) Briinnichii, Brandt, Bull. Acad. St. Petersb. IBS'?, ii, p. 345. 

 Uria Francsii, Leach, Trans. Linn. Soc. xii, 1818, p. 588. Stephens, Shaw's 



Gen. Zool. xii, 1824, p. 243, pi. 62, tig. 2. Giraud, Birds Long Island, 1844, 



p. 377. DeKay, New York Zoolog. Birds, 1844, p. 280. Peabody, Rep. 



Birds Massachusetts, p. 400. 

 Uria polans, Brehm. 



Coast of the North Atlantic and Pacific, and of the Arctic Seas. Herald 

 Island, (Mas. Smiths.) In winter, on the American coast south to New 

 Hampshire, (author's Cabinet) and New Jersey, (Mas. Acad. Philada.) Breeds 

 in the Gulf of St. Lawrence, (Bryant.) 



Form subtypical of the genus. Bill short, hardly exceeding the tarsus in 

 length of culmen, vqtj stout, wide and deep at the base ; culmen curved in 

 its whole length ; rictus straight for about half its length, then much deflexed ; 

 gonys long, its outline decidedly concave ; mandibular rami short, eminentia 

 symph^^sis very prominent ; tomial edges of the upper mandible in their basal 

 half turgid, and entirely bare of feathers. Slightly larger, and rather more 

 robustly organized than Iroile. In other respects of form identical with 

 troile : the plumage and its changes also the same. The turgid portion of the 

 tomia of the upper mandible flesh colored in life, becoming yellowish in the 

 dried state. 



Length 18-00; extent 32-00 ; wing 8-50 ; tail 2-25; tarsus 1-25, middle toe 

 and claw 2-lo, outer do. 1-90, inner do. 1-60, bill along culmen 1-40, along 

 rictus 2-20, along gonys -90, depth at eminentia symjjhysis -55. width at base of 

 nostrils -30, at augula oris -80. 



The peculiar shape of the bill strongly' characterizes this species. It is a 

 rather more robust bird than troile, and upon an average a little larger. The 

 colors of the plumage are not very appreciably different ; perhaps slightly 

 darker, and tending a little more decidedly towards a slaty or plumbeous hue, 

 particularly in winter. The seasonal changes are precisely the same. The 

 only decided difference in color lies in the whitish or yellowish hue of the 

 expanded tomia of the upper mandible. 



Briinnich's Guillemot appears to be the most boreal species of the genus, 

 frequeuting the Arctic seas, as well as more temperate latitudes. At the same 

 time it has been found further south in winter, on the Atlantic coast of North 

 America, than the other species; and is of frequent occurrence on the United 

 States coast at that season. It is also of constant occurrence in the North 

 Pacific. 



This is unquestionably the Alca lomvia of Linnajus, 1758. The name should 

 stand for the species, were it not now in use for the genus. It has been more 

 usually employed for troile. The troile of Briinnich is unmistakeably this spe- 

 cies, but is preoccupied by its Linnean application for the common species. 

 Svarboff, Briinnich, comes next in order. This is based upon the winter plum- 

 age, and must stand as the specific designation of the bird. Pallas named it 

 Cepphus arm in 1811 ; and Sabine renamed it Uria Brunnichii in 1818. Both 

 these names, but particularly the latter, are in very general employ at the pre- 

 sent day. Franciii of Leach, 1818, also this species, has never had much of a 

 run with writers. 



