l6, GRAMINEAE QI 



South Africa. One of them (the rye, S. cereale L.) is cultivated as a 

 cereal and also used as fodder, for making brandy and paper, and for 

 plaiting-work Secale L. 



93. Spikelets i -flowered, sometimes with an empty glume above the flower.. 



Flowering glume awned. — Species 8. North Africa ; some species also- 

 cultivated or naturalized in Abyssinia, Madagascar, and South Africa. 

 The barley [H . sativum Jessen) is cultivated as a cereal and for making- 

 beer ; it is also used as fodder and for medicinal purposes. Other species 



are used as ornamental plants Hordeum L. 



Spikelets 2 — ^6-flowered. — Species 2. North Africa. Used as ornamental 

 plants. " Lymegrass." Elymus L. 



94. (79.) Spikelets in two rows approximated to one another, forming one- 



sided, sometimes panicled spikes (or spike-like racemes). [Tribe CHLO- 



RIDEAE.] 95 



Spikelets in sometimes spike-hke but equal-sided racemes or more fre- 

 quently in panicles not consisting of one-sided spikes. . . . 123 



95. Spikelets containing i hermaphrodite flower 96 



Spikelets containing 2 or more hermaphrodite flowers 108 



96. Spikelets bearing no male flowers or empty glumes above the hermaphrodite 



flower, but sometimes ending in a short bristle 97 



Spikelets bearing above the hermaphrodite flower a male flower or one or 

 several empty, sometimes very small or awn-like glumes. . . . loi 



97. Spikelets awned 98^ 



Spikelets awnless 99 



98. Flowering glume much shorter than the outer glumes, with a very long 



awn. Spikes i — -4, terminal. — Species 3. Central Africa and Egj^pt. 



Schoenefeldia Kunth 



Flowering glume almost as long as the outer glumes, with a short awn. 



Spikes numerous, arranged along a common axis. — Species 4. Southern 



West Africa Willkommia Hack. 



99. Spikes solitary, terminal. — Species 3. Central and South Africa. Used in 



medicine Microchloa R. Br. 



Spikes digitate or in racemes 100 



100. Spikes digitate, 3 — 5. Flowering glume usually larger than the outer 



glumes. — Species 5. Some are used as pasture-grasses or in medicine. 



" Dogstooth." Cynodon Pers. 



Spikes arranged along a common axis. Rachis of the spike dilated. 



Flowering glume much smaller than the outer glumes. — Species 2. 



East Africa Craspedorhachis Benth. 



loi. Outer glumes 4. Second outer glume and flowering glume awned. Spikes 



solitary', rarely 2 — -3 together. — Species 5. Tropical and South Africa 



and Egypt. (Including Campulosus Desv.) . . . Ctenium Panzer 

 Outer glumes 2 . . 102 



