96 l6. GRAMINEAE 



139. Outer glumes conspicuously shorter than the flowering glume. Flowering 



glume firmly herbaceous, 3 — 5-nerved, with a long, straight, terminal 

 or subterminal awn. Panicle loose. — Species 2. East and South-east 

 Africa (Kilimandjaro and Transvaal). (Under Brachyelytrum Beauv.) 



Pseudobromus K. Schum. 



Outer glumes almost equalling the flowering glume or exceeding it. 



Flowering glume membranous, rarely firmer, but then many-nerved 



or with a distinctly dorsal awn or awnless 140 



140. Outer glumes feathery, long. Flowering glume with two short terminal 



awns or with a long dorsal one. Panicles spike- or head-like. — Species i. 

 North Africa ; introduced in South Africa. Used as an ornamental 



grass. " Harestail-grass." Lagurus L. 



Outer glumes not feathery 141 



141. Outer glumes bladdery at the base, much longer than the flowering glume. 



Panicles spike-hke. — Species 2. North Africa and Abyssinia. " Nit- 

 grass." Gastridium Beauv. 



Outer glumes not bladdery 142 



142. Flowering glume cleft into 9- — 23 awn-shaped teeth. Panicles spike- 



hke. — Species 13. Some are used as fodder-grasses. (Including 



Enneapogon Desv.) Pappophorum Schreb. 



Flowering glume with i^ — ^3 awns or awnless 143 



143. Flowering glume with a delicate dorsal awn and two long and thin lateral 



awns. — Species 2. Egypt and Abyssinia. . . . Trisetaria Forsk. 



Flowering glume awnless or with a single awn and sometimes 2 short 



bristles 144 



144. Flowering glume with a terminal awn, rounded on the back, sometimes 



keeled towards the tip. (See 113.) Festuca L. 



Flowering glume with a dorsal awn or with a short mucro or unarmed. 145 



145. Flowering glume decurrent into a callus bearing a tuft of long hairs. 146 

 Flowering glume with a glabrous or shortly and scantily hairy callus or 



without a callus 147 



146. Flowering glume papery, unarmed or shortly mucronate. Spikelets 



large, with a glabrous and bristle-like or a club-shaped prolongation 

 of the axis. — Species i {A. anmdinacea Host, maram). North Africa. 

 Used for binding sand-dunes and as a fodder-grass ; the root-stock is 



edible. {Psamnia Beauv.) Ammophlla Host 



Flowering glume membranous, awned from the back, very rarely awnless. 

 Spikelets rather small, sometimes with a bristle-like and usually hairy 

 prolongation of the axis. — Species 6. Azores, mountains of tropical 

 Africa, South Africa. Some are used as ornamental or medicinal 

 plants. (Including Deyeuxia Beauv.) . . . Calamagrostis Roth 



147. Axis of the spikelet not distinctly continued beyond the flower. Flowering 



glume shorter than the outer glumes 148 



Axis of the spikelet produced beyond the flower into a bristle-like appen- 

 dage bearing sometimes empt}' glumes 149 



