l6. GRAMIXEAE 



97 



148. Palea as long as the flowering glume. Panicles few-flowered. — Species 



I. South Africa. (Under Agrosiis L. or Colpodium Trin.) 



Poagrostis Stapf 



Palea shorter than the flowering glume. Panicles many-flowered. — ■ Species 



30. North and South Africa and mountains of the tropics. Some are 



used as fodder- or ornamental grasses. " Bent-grass." Agrostis L. 



149. Flowering glume much shorter than the outer glumes, with 2 bristles 



at the top and an awn on the back near the base. Continuation ot the 

 axis of the spikelet hairy, without glumes. Panicles spike-like. — Species 

 I. North-west Africa. (Under Gastridium Beauv.) Triplachne Link 

 Flowering glume slightly shorter or longer than the outer glumes. Con- 

 tinuation of the axis of the spikelet glabrous or bearing empty glumes. 150 



150. Flowering glume with a very long awn. Outer glumes unequal. Con- 



tinuation of the axis of the spikelet without glumes. Panicle loose. — ■ 

 Species 2. North-west Africa (Algeria). Used as ornamental grasses. 



Apera Adans. 



Flowering glume with a short or moderate awn or awnless. Outer glumes 



subequal. Continuation of the axis of the spikelet usually with empty 



glumes 151 



151. Lower outer glume i-nerved. Flowering glume 3 — 5 -nerved, mem- 



branous, about as long as the outer glumes. Continuation of the axis 

 of the spikelet with i — 2 empty glumes or without glumes. — Species 

 10. North Africa, Abyssinia, South Africa. Some are used as fodder- 

 grasses Koeleria Pers. 



Lower outer glume 3 — 9-nerved. Flowering glume 5- to many-nerved, 

 leathery or longer than the outer glumes 152 



152. Fruit deeply grooved. Flowering glume leathery, rounded on the back, 



with a kneed dorsal awn. Outer glumes 7 — 9-nerved. — Species 20. 

 Extra-tropical regions and mountains of the tropics. Some (especially 

 A. saliva L.) are cultivated as cereals (oat) or fodder, and yield also 

 oil and medicaments ; others are used as ornamental grasses. (Including 



Avenastrum Juss.) Avena L. 



Fruit not deeply grooved. Flowering glume keeled, longer than the 

 outer ones. Outer glumes 3 — 7-nerved. Empty glumes above the 

 flower 2 or more. — Species 10. Extra- tropical regions. Some are 

 used as ornamental grasses Melica L. 



153. (123.) Flowering glumes, at least one in each spikelet, bearing a twisted 



or kneed, generally dorsal awn, usually shorter than the outer glumes, 

 rarely awnless, and then spikelets 2-flowered with a very short axis not 

 prolonged beyond the flowers. [Tribe AVENEAE.] . . . 154 

 Flowering glumes bearing a straight, terminal or subterminal awn, or 

 unawned, usually longer than the outer glumes. Spikelets 2-flowered, 

 the axis prolonged between the flowers or above them, or 3— many- 

 flowered. [Tribe FESTUCEAE.] I77 



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