l6. GRAMINEAE IO5 



2i(). Flowering glumes cartilaginous at the base, herbaceous towards the tip. 

 Outer glumes unecjual. Axis of the spikelet thickened. Panicles 

 one-sided. — Species i. North-west Africa (Algeria). Sclerochloa Beauv. 

 Flowering glumes membranous or herbaceous at the base or throughout. — 

 Species 20. Extra-tropical regions and mountains of the tropics. Some 

 are used as ornamental grasses. Poa L. 



220. Spikclets 2 -flowered with very approximate flowers and a bristle-like 



continuation of the axis beyond them. Outer glumes rather stiff, 

 I — 3-nerved. Flowering glumes somewhat shorter, blunt, awnless. — 



Species 10. South and East Africa Achneria Munro 



Spikelets 2-flowered, with perceptibly distant flowers and usually mem- 

 branous outer glumes, or 3— many-flowered 221 



221. Outer glumes 7 — ii-nerved, membranous. Flowering glumes toothed, 



usually awnless. Paleas narrow, 2-toothed. Spikelets usually 2- 



flowered. Fruit deeply furrowed. (See 152.) .... Avena L. 



Outer glumes i — 5-nerved, rarely 7 — 9-nerved, and then flowering glumes 



awned and paleas broad. Spikelets usually 3— many-flowered. 222 



222. Flowering glumes 2-cleft, awned, 7 — 9-nerved. (See 167.) Danthonia DC. 

 Flowering glumes entire, rarely toothed or 2-cleft, but then unarmed or 



5-nerved. Styles very short 223 



223. Side-nerves of the flowering glumes nearly parallel, not joining the 



middle-nerve, sometimes obscure. Flowering glumes unarmed. Fruit 



oblong or ovate 224 



Side-nerves of the flowering glumes curved, converging towards the 

 middle-nerve. Fruit oblong or linear 225 



224. Lodicules united. Styles distinctly developed. Fruit free, narrowly 



or not grooved. — Species i {G. fluitans R. Br., manna-grass). North- 

 west Africa. The seeds are used as food. (Under Poa L.) 



Glyceria R. Br. 



Lodicules free. Styles wanting. Fruit usually adherent to the palea, 



broadly or not grooved. • — Species 4. North-west and South Africa. 



(Under Glyceria R. Br.) Atropis Rupr. 



225. Paleas with rigidly ciliate keels. Flowering glumes y- — -g-nerved. Outer 



glumes 3 — 7-nerved, rather stiff. Spikelets in spike-like racemes. — • 

 Species 9. Extra-tropical regions and mountains of the tropics. Some 

 species are used as ornamental grasses. . . Brachypodium Beauv. 

 Paleas with finely ciliate or rough keels. Flowering glumes usually 

 5-nerved. Outer glumes i — 3-nerved 226 



226. Seed with a linear hilum. (See 113.) Festuca L. 



Seed with a punctifoim hilum 227 



227. Spikelets upon stout stalks in one-sided panicles. Flowering glumes 



unarmed. ■ — Species 2. North Africa, also introduced into South Africa. 



(Under Festuca L.) Scleropoa Griseb. 



Spikelets in spike-Hke racemes. — Species 3. North-west Africa. (Under 

 Festuca L.) Catapodium Link 



