l8. PALMAE III 



4. Male flowers many in each pit of the spadix 5 



Male flowers solitary in each pit of the spadix 6 



5. Male flowers 20 — 30 in each pit of the spadix. Stamens about 30. Fruit 



nearly always with a single stone. Seeds deeply 2-lobed. — Species i, 

 Seychelles. The fruit (" double cocoa-nut ") is eaten and used in 



medicine Lodoicea Labill. 



Male flowers 10 in each pit of the spadix. Stamens 6. Fruit with 3 stones. 

 Seeds emarginate. Species i {B. jlahellifer L., Palmyra palm). Tropics. 

 It yields timber, fibre (piassave), starch (sago), gum, vegetables, edible 

 fruits, wine, vinegar, alcohol, sugar, and medicaments. Borassus L. 



6. Stamens 15 — 30. Fruit with 3 stones, veiy rarely with i — -2. Medium- 



sized trees. — Species 3. Madagascar and Mascarene Islands. They 

 furnish fibre for plaiting-work and are used as ornamental plants ; 



one species has edible fruits Latania Comm. 



Stamens 6. Fruit with a single stone. Tall trees 7 



7. Albumen ruminate. Fruit medium-sized (the size of a walnut). Stem 



simple. — Species 3. Upper Nile and Madagascar. They yield timber, 

 fibre, edible pith, and alcohol. (Including Bismarckia Hildebr. & 

 Wendl.) Medemia G. de Wuert. & Braun 



Albumen homogeneous. Fruit large. Stem usually branched. — ■ Species 

 13. Tropics to Natal and Egypt. They yield wood, fibre, edible 



fruits, and wine. " Dum palm." Hyphaene Gaertn. 



8- (3-) Ovary and fruit clothed with imbricate scales. Fruit one-seeded. 

 Flowers with bracts and bracteoles. Leaf-segments reduplicate in 

 bud. [Subfamily LEPIDOCARYOIDEAE, tribe METROXYLEAE.] (, 



Ovary and fruit without scales. Flowers usually without bracts. [Sub- 

 family CEROXYLOIDEAE.J 15 



9. Ovary incompletely 3-celled. [Subtribe calaminae.] .... 10 



Ovary completely 3-celled. [Subtribe raphiinae.] . . . . ii 



10. Stem erect. Leaves without tendrils. Spadices terminal. Seed de- 



pressed-globose. — Species i {M. Rumphii Mart.) Cultivated in Mada- 

 gascar and the IMascarenes. It yields wood, fibre for plaiting and 

 weaving, vegetables, and starch (sago). {Sagus Blume). 



Metroxylon Rottb. 



Stem climbing. Leaves with tendrils. Spadices lateral. — ■ Species 6. 



Tropics. The stems (cane) are used for plaiting-work and for the 



manufacture of walking-sticks and various utensils. " Rattan-palm." 



Calamus L. 



11. Stem erect. Flowers monoecious, the male and female on the same branches 



of the much-branched terminal spadices. Seed oblong or ovate. — -Species 

 TO. Tropics. The leaf-stalks (false bamboo) are used for building 

 houses and making furniture, the fibres (piassave) for plaiting, weaving, 

 and brush-making. The stems, leaf-buds, and fruits of some species 

 yield starch, meal, vegetables, wine, and oil. (Plates 10 and 11.) 



Raphia Beau v. 

 Stem climbing. Leaves with tendrils 12 



