172 5^'- SANTALACEAE 



ORDER SANTALALES 



SUBORDER SANTALIXEAE 



FAMILY 56. SANTALACEAE 



Terrestrial plants, scmctimes parasitic on roots. Leaves undivided, ex- 

 stipulate, sometimes scale-like. Flowers regular. Perianth simple. Stamens 

 3 — 6, as many as and inserted on the perianth-segments, equalling them or 

 shorter. Anthers stalked, 2-celled. Ovary inferior, rarely almost superior, 

 i-celled. Ovule i, basal, or ovules 2 — 5, pendulous from the apex of a central 

 or subparietal placenta. Style simple or wanting. Fi"uit indehiscent. Seeds 

 without a testa, with copious fleshy albumen ; radicle of the embryo superior. 

 — Genera 6, Species 140. (Plate 34.) 



1. Ovary superior. Ovule i. Style absent ; stigma 2-lobed. Stalk of the 



fruit fleshy. Shrubs or trees. — Species i. Madagascar. Used 



medicinally. [Tribe ANTHOBOLEAE.] . . . Exocarpus Labill. 



Ovary interior. Ovules 2 — 5. Style present . 2 



2. Perianth-tube above the ovary coated by a disc on the inside, or wanting. 



Placenta thick, straight. Ovules recurved. Stigma 3 — 4-parted or 

 4— 5-lobed. Fruit a drupe. Shrubs. [Tribe OSYRIDEAE.] . 3 

 Perianth-tube above the ovary not coated by a disc on the inside. Placenta 

 thin, usually flexuous. Ovules straight. Stigma entire or obscurely 

 2— 3lobed. [Tribe THESIEAE.] 4 



3. Leaves, at least most of them, opposite. Flowers in panicles which are 



sometimes composed of false umbels, 4 — 6-merous, hermaphrodite or 

 polygamous. Stigma 4 — 5-lobed. Embryo with very short cotyledons. 



— Species 2. South Africa. They yield timber and tanning material. 

 {Rhoiocarpus A. DC.) Colpoon Berg 



Leaves alternate. Flowers in false umbels, which are often arranged in 

 racemes, or the female and hermaphrodite solitary, 3 — 4-merous, 

 dioecious or polygamous. Stigma 3 — 4-partite. Embryo with long 

 cotyledons. — Species 8. North and East Africa to Natal. Some 

 species yield fragrant wood (African sandalwood), tanning and dycmg 

 materials, and medicaments. (Plate 34.) Osyris L. 



4. Flowers dioecious. Perianth-tube above the ovary very shortly cam- 



panulate ; segments usually with a tuft of hairs in the male flowers. 

 Anther-halves elliptical. Style short. — Species 6. South Africa. 



Thesidium Sond. 



Flowers hermaphrodite. Perianth-tube above the ovary campanulate or 



cyhndrical ; segments with tufts or rows of hairs. Anther- halves 



usually oblong. Style long or rather short. 5 



5. Fruit a drupe. Flowers axillary, solitary or in glomerulcs. Undershrubs- 



— Species 7. East and South Africa .... Osyridicarpus A. DC- 

 Fruit a nut. ^ Species 120 Thesium L. 



