80. MENISPERMACEAE 201 



10. Anthers opening by i — 2 transverse slits 11 



Anthers opening by 2 longitudinal slits 13 



11. Anthers opening by two slits. Staminodes in the female flowers 6 or o. 



Stigmas entire. Fruits ovoid, reniform, or globular; scar of the style 

 nearly basal. Endocarp ribbed. Seeds with a scanty uniform albumen 

 and thick-fleshy cotyledons. Flowers in fascicles sometimes arranged 

 in racemes. — Species 5. Tropics to Delagoa Bay, Sahara and Eg5q)t. 

 They yield dyes, drinks, and medicaments. {Cebatha Forsk.) (Plate 47.) 



Cocculus L. 



Anthers opening by one slit. Fruits oblong or elliptical ; scar of the style 



nearly terminal 12 



12. Anthers opening by a slit across the apex. Staminodes in the female 



flowers 6 or o. Stigmas entire. Endocarp smooth. Seeds exalbimiinous, 

 with fleshy cotyledons. Stem erect. Leaves lanceolate to ovate, 

 penninerved. Flowers in glomerules or false umbels. — Species 2. 

 West Africa. (Including Heptacyclum Engl.) . . Penianthus Miers 

 Anthers opening by a semicircular slit on the inside. Staminodes 3. 

 Stigmas 3-cleft Endocarp spiny. Seeds with a ruminate albumen and 

 thin leaf-like cotyledons. Stem climbing. Leaves cordate-ovate, 5- 

 nerved. Male flowers in spreading panicles, female in racemes. — 

 Species 4. West Africa Kolobopetalum Engl. 



13. Anthers opening laterally, almost outwards. Carpels 3. Leaves cordate- 



ovate, palmately 5 — 7-nerved 14 



Anthers opening inwards. Leaves palmately 3-nerved, peltate, or penni- 

 nerved 15 



14. Leaves deeply cordate at the base. Styles short. Staminodes in the fe 



male flowers 6. — Species i. Northern Central Africa. Tinospora Miers 



Leaves slightly cordate. Styles none. Filaments united at the base. 



— Species 7. Tropical and South-east Africa. . Desmonema Miers 



15. Leaves palmately 3-nerved, oblong. Carpels 3. Seeds straight. — ■ 



Species i. Madagascar. (Under Cocculus DC.) . Orthogynium Baill. 

 Leaves peltate or penninerved. Seeds curved 16 



16. Leaves peltate. Flowers in racemes. Filaments free, flattened. Endocarp 



tubercled, hairy. Cotyledons thin, leaf -like. — Species i. West Africa 

 (Cameroons). (Under Tinospora Miers). . . . Platytinospora Diels 

 Leaves lanceolate to ovate, not peltate. Carpels 6 or more. Staminodes 

 in the female flowers none. Fruits with a basal style-scar ; endocarp 

 smooth or wrinkled. Cotyledons thick, fleshy. — Species 12, Central 

 Africa. (Including Glossopholis Pierre, imder Limacia Lour.) 



Tiliacora Colebr. 



17. (9.) Outer stamens free, inner united to the middle. Carpels 9 ; scar of 



the style basal. Seeds spirally twisted, without albumen. Leaves 

 oblong or lanceolate. Flowers in panicles. — • Species i. Madagascar. 



Spirospermum Thenars 

 Outer and inner stamens more or less united 18 



