86. PAPAVERACEAE - 87. CAPPARIDACEAE 213 



8 Fruit linear, dehiscing to the base. Placentas, stigmas, and fruit-valves 



2 — 4. Juice yellow 9 



Fruit oblong, ovoid, or globular, dehiscing near the top only or indehiscent. 

 Placentas, stigmas, and fruit-valves 4 — 16 lo 



q. Petals yellow or reddish-yellow, twisted in the bud. Style ending in 2 

 erect and 2 spreading lobes. Fruit with a false partition. — Species 2. 

 North Africa and Cape Verde Islands. Used as ornamental or medicinal 



plants ; the seeds yield oil Glaucium Juss. 



Petals violet or red, crumpled in the bud. Style ending in 2 — 4 connivent 

 loh es. Fruit i-celled. — Species 4. North Africa. Used as ornamental 



plants Roemeria Medik. 



10. Stigmas in the sinuses between the connivent style-lobes. Petals yellow 

 or whitish. Fruit oblong, usually bristly. Juice yellow. — Species i. 

 Naturalized in Tropical and South Africa. Used as an ornamental and 



medicinal plant ; the seeds yield oil Argemone L. 



Stigmas radiating upon a disc-hke expansion of the style-apex. Ovary in- 

 completely septate. Juice white. Buds nodding. — Species 12. 

 North and South Africa, Abyssinia, and Cape Verde Islands ; also 

 cultivated in various regions. Some species are poisonous or are used 

 as ornamental, medicinal, or dye-plants. P. somniferum L. yields 

 opium, oil, and edible seeds. " Poppy " Papaver L. 



SUBORDER CAPPARIDINEAE. 



FAMILY 87. CAPPARIDACEAE 



Leaves alternate, simple or digitate. Flowers solitary or in racemes or 

 umbels, usually irregular. Petals wanting or free, usually 4, rarely {Cercopet- 

 alum) united at the base. Disc ring- or scale-like, rarely tubular. Ovary 

 superior, usually stalked. 0\ailes 4 or more, rarely {Dipterygium) i — 2, curved, 

 usually parietal. Seeds reniform, exalbuminous. Embryo curved, with folded 

 or coiled cotyledons. — Genera 20, species 260. (Plate 53.) 



1. Fruit succulent, baccate, indehiscent, rarely at length dehiscing in two 



valves to which the placentas remain attached. Embryo coiled. Shrubs 



or trees. [Subfamily CAPPARIDOIDEAE.] 2 



Fruit dry, capsular and usually siliquiform, rarely nut-like. Embryo 

 curved. Herbs or undershrubs, rarely shrubs or trees 14 



2. Calyx-tube distinctly developed. Stamens very numerous. Ovary with 



a long stalk. [Tribe MAERUEAE.] 3 



Calyx-tube indistinct or wanting, rarely distinctly developed, but then 

 stamens 10 and ovary with a very short stalk. [Tribe CAPPARIDEAE ; 4 



3. Calyx bursting transversely. Petals none. Stamens inserted upon 



a convex receptacle. Placentas 6 — 10. — Specie? 10. East Africa, 



Madagascar and Mauritius Thylaehium Lour. 



Calyx bursting lengthwise. Stamens usually inserted upon an elongated, 

 stalk-hke receptacle. Placentas 2 — 4. — Species 50. Some of them 



