222 88, CRUCIFERAE 



P'ruit-valves with several longitudinal nerves. Sepals connivent. Petals 

 violet. — Species 4, North Africa. (Including Hussonia Coss.) 



Erucaria Gaertn. 



56. Seeds pendulous 57 



Seeds partly (the upper ones) erect 58 



57. Fruit flat or 4-angled. Stem very short. Leaves radical. Flowers 



solitary, axillary. — Species 3. North-west Africa. [Raffeiialdia 



Godr.) Cossonia Durieu 



Fruit turgid. Stem branched. Leaves radical and cauline. Flowers 

 racemose. — Species 2, one spontaneous in North Africa and naturalized 

 in South Africa, the second [R. sativus L.) cultivated and naturalized 

 in various regions. The latter yields salad, oil, and medicaments. 

 " Radish." [Raphanus L.) Rhaphanus L. 



58. Lower joint of the fruit i-celled, indehiscent, i — 4-seeded. Hispid herbs. 



Leaves lyrate, the upper toothed. Flowers, at least the lower, subtended 

 by bracts. — Species 4. North Africa to Nubia. Enarthrocarpus Labill. 

 Lower joint of the fruit 2-celled lengthwise, usually dehiscing in two 

 valves, 4 — i2-seeded. Almost glabrous herbs. Leaves dissected. 

 Flowers without bracts, (See 55) Erucaria Gaertn. 



59. (46.) Fruit i-seeded, flat, winged, 6-nerved, indehiscent. Stigma sessile. 



Radicle incumbent. Petals yellow. Leaves undivided. — Species 5. 

 North Africa. Woad (/. tinctoria L.) yields a dye, other species are used 



medicinally Isatis L. 



Fruit 2- or more-seeded 60 



60. Fruit-valves flat, but sometimes with a prominent midrib 61 



Fruit-valves convex or keeled 67 



61. Stigmatic lobes long, erect, sometimes connate. Median glands none. 



Radicle incumbent ; cotyledons folded. Lateral sepals saccate. Petals 



violet or purple. Glabrous plants 62 



Stigmatic lobes short or not developed. Median, sometimes confluent, 

 glands besides the lateral ones present, rarely only the latter, but then 

 radicle accumbent. Radicle accumbent or incumbent ; in the latter 

 case cotyledons flat, rarely folded, but then sepals not saccate. . 63 



62. Seeds broadly winged, in a single row. Fruit broadly linear. Petals 



with a broad claw. Shrubs. Leaves linear-oblong, sessile, entire. — 

 Species i. North-west Africa (Algeria). (Including Oudneya R. Br.) 



Henophyton Coss. & Durieu 



Seeds narrowly or not winged. Fruit narrowly linear. Herbs or under- 



shrubs. Leaves undivided, the upper stem-clasping, or pinnately 



divided. (See 50.) Moricandia DC. 



'63. Radicle of the embryo incumbent. Seeds usually in 2 rows. Leaves, at 



least the lower, pinnately divided 64 



Radicle of the embryo accumbent. Seeds usually in a single row . . 65 



