240 103- ROSACEAE 



Style not furrowed. Embryo with flat cotyledons. Leaves usually 

 lobed or divided and deciduous. — Species 5. North-west Africa. 

 They yield timber, tanners' bark, edible fruits (medlars) and medica- 

 ments and are also used as ornamental plants (hawthorn). (Including 



Crataegus L.) Mespilus L. 



9. Carpels projecting above the receptacle ; hence cells of the fruit reaching 

 to the cavity at its top. Styles 5, free. Fruit with a membranous 

 endocarp. Seeds very large, with thick cotyledons. Leaves un- 

 divided, persistent. — Species i {E. jahonica Lindl., loquat). Culti. 

 tivated in North Africa and some tropical islands for its edible fruits. 

 (Under Photinia Lindl.) Eriobotrya Lindl. 



Carpels completely enclosed in the receptacle ; hence cells of the fruit 

 not reaching to its top. Leaves usually deciduous. — Species 8, of 

 which 6 are growing wild in North Africa, the other two {P. communis 

 L., pear, and P. Malus L., apple) cultivated in North and South Africa 

 and Madagascar. " They yield timber, tanners' bark, and edible fruits, 

 from which also drinks and medicaments are prepared. Several species 

 are used as ornamental plants. {Pyrus L., including Malus Tourn. and 

 Sorbus L.) Pirus Tourn. 



10. (i.) Carpels 2 or more, with i^ — 2 ovules each, rarely carpel i, with a 



single ovule. Flowers regular. [Subfamily ROSOIDEAE.] . . 11 



Carpel i, with 2 ovules, sometimes more or less completely 2-celled or 



one ovule abortive; in this cases flowers distinctly irregular. Fruit 



a drupe. Shrubs or trees. Leaves undivided. 25 



11. Receptacle of the female flowers deeply concave, tube- or urn-shaped, 



tightly enclosing the carpels, especially in fruit 12 



Receptacle flat, convex, or moderately concave (cup- or saucer-shaped), 

 not tightly enclosing the carpels. Carpels 5 or more. Stamens numer- 

 ous 21 



12. Carpels numerous. Ovules pendulous. Stamens numerous. Petals 4 — 6, 



large, red white or yellow, imbricate in bud. Sepals imbricate. Flowers 

 hermaphrodite. Receptacle becoming siicculent in fruit. Shrubs. 

 Leaves pinnate. — Species 10. North Africa and Abyssinia ; also 

 naturalized in several tropical islands. Used as ornamental plants, and 

 in the preparation of perfumes and medicaments ; some have edible 



fruits. [Tribe ROSEAE.] Rosa Tourn. 



Carpels 1—4. Petals small, yellow or white, or wanting. [Tribe SAN- 

 GUISORBEAE.] 13 



13. Perianth consisting of an epicalyx, a calyx, and a corolla. Carpels 2 — 4. 14 

 Perianth consisting of calyx and corolla, or of epicalyx and calyx, or of the 



calyx only 15 



14. Flowers hermaphrodite. Epicalyx of 5 — 6 small segments. Petals broad. 



Stamens lo- — 12. Shrubs. Leaves pinnatipartitc. Flowers in racemes. 

 — Species i. South Africa Leucosidea Eckl. & Zeyh. 



