IT2. ERYTHROXYLACEAE — II3. ZYGOPHYLLACEAE 293 



Fruit I -celled. Leaves alternate. Stipule i. — Species 40. Tropical 

 and South Africa. Some species yield timber or medicaments. (Plate 

 71.) Erythroxylon P. Browne 



FAMILY 113. ZYGOPHYLLACEAE 



Leaves stipulate. Flowers regular, hermaphrodite, rarely {Nenluederilzia) 

 dioecious. Petals 4 — 5, free, rarely wanting. Stamens i — 3 times as many 

 as the petals. Filaments usually with an appendage at the base. Anthers 

 attached by the back. Ovary superior, 3 — lo-celled, lobed angled or winged. 

 Style simple, rarely [Seetzenia) styles 5. — Genera 12, species go. (Plate 

 72.) 



1. Fruit drupaceous, one-seeded. Seeds without albumen. Ovary 3 — 5- 



celled with i pendulous ovule in each cell. Filaments without an 

 appendage. Corolla yellowish-green. Leaves alternate, simple and 

 undi\-ided or of 2 leaflets. Shrubs or trees. [Subfamilies BALANI- 



TOIDEAE and NITRARIOIDEAE.] 2 



Fruit capsular or separating into several nutlets, several- or many-seeded. 

 Leaves opposite, at least the lower ones, more rarely all alternate, but 

 then dissected or pinnate with many leaflets 3 



2. Fruit with a very thick endocarp. Ovary 5-celled, surrounded by a 



cupular disc ; ovules attached at the top of the cells. Style rather 

 long ; stigma i. Stamens 10. Petals oblong. Sepals hairy. Leaves 

 with tvyo leaflets. Spiny plants. — Species 3. Central Africa, Sahara, 

 Egypt. They yield timber, fish-poison, vegetables, medicaments, oily 

 seeds, and edible fruits which are also used as a substitute for soap and 

 for preparing a spirituous drink. " Zachun-oil-tree." {Agialid Adans.) 



(Plate 72.) Balanites Del. 



Fruit with a thin endocarp, opening finally by 6 teeth at the top. Ovary 

 3-celled ; ovules attached near the middle of the cells. Style very 

 short ; stigmas 3, converging. Stamens usually 15. Petals concave, 

 induplicate-valvate in bud. Sepals fleshy, imbricate in bud. Leaves 

 simple, undivided, fleshy. — Species 2. North Africa and northern 

 Central Africa. They yield soda and edible fruits which are said to be 

 inebriating. " Nitre bush." Nitraria L. 



3. Leaves pinnately dissected or irregularly many-cleft, alternate. Filaments 



without an appendage. Ovary 3 — 4-celled with several or many 

 ovules in each cell. Seeds albuminous. Herbs. [Subfamihes TET- 



RADICLIDOIDEAE and PEGANOIDEAE.] 4 



Leaves undivided, unifoliolate, digitate, or pinnate, usually opposite. 

 Ovary 4—10-, usually 5-celled. [Subfamily ZYGOPHYLLOIDEAE.] 5 



4. Leaves pinnately dissected. Flowers small. Calyx 3 — 4-toothed. Petals 



3 — 4, obovate. Stamens 3 — 4. Ovary deeply lobed, the lobes in- 

 completely 3-celled, 6-ovuled. — Species i. North-east Africa. 



Tetradiclis Stev. 



