113. ZYGOPHYLLACEAE — II4. CNEORACEAE — II5. RUTACEAE 2')5 



Ovary-celU undivided. Style awl-shaped, with a small slignia. Disc 

 fleshy. Filaments usually appendaged. Fruit capsular. Seeds al- 

 buminous. Flowers solitary or in pairs, whitish or yellowish. — Species 

 55. Some of them yield soda, edible seeds, medicaments, or poison. 



Zygophyllum L. 

 FAMILY 114. CNEORACEAE 



Shrul)s. Leaves alternate, simple, entire, gland-dotted, without stipules. 

 Flowers in cymes, 3 — 4-merous, hermaphrodite, with an elongated receptacle. 

 Petals free, imbricate in bud. Stamens 3—4, alternating with the petals ; 

 filaments without an appendage. Ovary 3 — 4-lobed, 3 — 4-celled. Ovules 2 

 in each cell, one above the other, pendulous, curved. Style simple ; stigmas 3. 

 Fruit separating in two 2-celled drupes. Seeds with a curved embryo and 

 fleshy albumen.^ (Under SIMARUBACEAE.) 



Genus i, species i. Canary Islands. Used medicinally. (Under Cneo- 

 rmn L.) Chamaelea Tourn. 



FAMILY 115. RUTACEAE 



Leaves gland-dotted, at least at the margin, rarely {Empleitridimn) without 

 dots. Petals free, rarely [Empleuriim) wanting. Disc usually present. 

 Anthers versatile, opening inwards or laterally by longitudinal slits. Embryo 

 rather large, the radicle turned upwards. — Genera 33, species 320. (Including 

 AURANTIACEAE and XANTHOXYLEAE.) (Plate 73.) 



1. Fruit dehiscent and more or less dry. Carpels, at least when ripe, more 



or less separate, rarely only one present. [Subfamily RUTOIDEAE.] 2 

 Fruit indehiscent and more or less fleshy. Carpels usually united, even 

 when ripe, rarely only one present. Shrubs or trees. Leaves com- 

 pound, but sometimes with a single leaflet 19 



2. Stem herbaceous or woody at the base only. Flowers hermaphrodite. 



Corolla yellow. Stamens 8 — 10. Ovules 2, or more frequently more than 

 2 in each carpel. Seeds albuminous ; embryo curved. [Tribe RUT- 



EAE.] 3 



Stem woody. Corolla green, white, red, or violet, rarely {Empleitrum) 

 wanting. Fertile stamens 3 — 5, rarely {Pelea) 8 — 10. Ovules 2 in each 

 carpel 4 



3. Carpels 2, with 5 — 6 ovules in each. Flowers 4-merou3. Petals entire. 



Seeds spiny. Undershrubs. Leaves undivided or 3-parted. — Species 

 2. German South-west Africa (Hereroland) and Island of Socotra. 



Thamnosma Torr. 

 Carpels 4 — 5. Seeds tubercled. — Species 8. North Africa and northern 

 Central Africa. Some species yield condiments and medicaments. 

 " Rue." (Including Desmopkyllmn Webb and Haplophyllnm Juss.) 



Ruta L. 



4. Seeds albuminous. CoroUa greenish or whitish. Leaves usually com- 



pound. [Tribe XANTHOXYLEAE.] 5 



