3l8 122. EUPHORBIACEAE 



71. Calyx of the male flowers 2 — 3-toothed or -lobed. Inflorescence terminal. 



Bracts with two glands. Flowers monoecious 72 



Calyx of the male flowers 2 — 5-parted. Fruit a capsule with a persistent 

 central column 73 



72. Ripe carpels separating from a 3-parted central column. Seeds without an 



outgrowth. — ■ Species 10. Tropical and South Africa. They yield 

 timber ; one species (5. sebijenim Roxb.) is cultivated for its oily seeds. 

 (Including Conosapitim Muell. Arg.) .... Sapium P. Browne 

 Ripe carpels separating from the base of the pericarp, leaving no central 

 column. Seeds with an outgrowth at the hilum. — Species 5. Tropical 

 and South Africa. Some are poisonous. . . . Stillingia L. 



73. Seeds with an outgrowth at the hilum. Flowers monoecious. Inflor- 



escences terminal or terminal and lateral. Leaves alternate. — Species 

 3. Central Africa. {Cnemidostachys Mart.) . . Sebastiania Spreng. 

 Seeds without an outgrowth at the hilum. Flowers usually dioecious. 

 Inflorescences usually lateral. — Species 20. Tropical and South Africa. 

 Some are poisonous or are used as ornamental plants. (Including 

 Taenosapium Muell. Arg.) Excoecaria L. 



74. (66.) Flowers in racemes, monoecious, with a disc. Sepals of the male 



flowers evidently united below. Stamens 10, free. Leaves palmately 

 divided, sometimes alternating with undivided ones. — Species 3. 

 Cultivated in the tropics. M. Glaziovii Muell. Arg. yields rubber, 

 M. utilissima Pohl and M. dulcis Pax (cassava or mandioc-plants) 

 furnish vegetables, medicaments, and edible roots, from which meal, 

 starch (tapioca), and a spirituous drink are prepared. Manihot Adans. 

 Flowers in glomerules, dioecious, rarely monoecious, but then without a 

 disc. Sepals of the male flowers free or nearly so. Leaves undivided. 

 [Tribe GELONIEAE.] 75 



75. Sepals 5. Filaments free. Male flowers without a disc and without a 



rudimentary pistil. — Species 6. Tropical and South Africa. {Cerato- 



phoriis Sond., including Suregada Roxb.) .... Gelonium Roxb. 



Sepals of the female flowers 7 — 8, the inner petaloid. Filaments united. — 



Species i. West Africa Chaetocarpus Tbwait. 



76. (i.) Calyx of the male flowers with valvate aestivation. Stamens 5 - 7. 



Male flowers with a rudimentary pistil. Shrubs or trees 77 



Calyx of the male flowers with imbricate or open aestivation. ... 81 



77. Petals absent. Disc none. Styles 2, undivided. Ovary-cells 2, each 



with an incomplete partition. — Species i. West Africa. 



Martretia Beille 



Petals small. Disc outside the stamens. Styles 2-partod. Ovary-cells 



undivided. [Tribe BRIDELIEAE.] . . . . . . . . . 78 



78. Ovary 2-celled. Siyle- 2. Stamens borne upon a short androphore. 



Leaf- veins of the third order almost parallel 79 



Ovary 3-celled. Styles 3. Disc of the female flowers cup-shaped. Fruit a 

 capsule. Leaf-vcinsof the third order netted 80 



