366 156- COCHLOSPHRMACEAE — I57. WINTERANACEAE — I58. VIOLACEAK 



SUBORDER COCHLOSPERMIXEAE 



FAMILY 156. COCHLOSPERMACEAE 



Trees, shnibs, or undershrubs. Leaves undivided or palmately lobed or 



divided, stipulate. Flowers in racemes or panicles, glabrous or clothed with 



simple hairs, regular, hermaphrodite. Sepals 4 — 5, free, imbricate in bud. 



Petals 4 — 5, free, with imbricate or contorted aestivation. Stamens numerous, 



hypog3'nous, free or united at the base. Anthers straight, opening b}' two 



sometimes confluent slits or pores. Ovary superior, i-celled with 3 — 5 more or 



less projecting parietal placentas, or 2 — 3-celled. Ovules several or many, 



inverted. Style simple. Fruit a capsule. Seeds with a curved embryo and 



copious albumen. — Genera 2, species 7. Tropics. (Under BIXINEAE.) 



Petals large, yellow. Anthers long, attached by the base, opening at the top. 



Ovary i -celled, sometimes incompletely 3 — 5-celled. Ovules numerous, 



parietal. Seeds covered with long hairs. Leaves palmately lobed or 



divided. Flowers in few-flowered racemes or panicles. — Species 5. 



Central Africa. They yield fibre, gum, dyes, and medicaments. (Maxi- 



milianea Mart. & Schrank.) Cochlospermum Kunth 



Petals small. Anthers short, attached by the back, opening lengthwise. 

 Ovary 2 — 3-celled. Ovules few, subbasal. Leaves undivided, penni- 

 nerved. Flowers in compound cymes. — Species 2. Madagascar. 



Sphaerosepalum Bak. 



SUBORDER FLACOURTIINEAE 



FAMILY 157. WINTERANACEAE 



Trees. Leaves alternate, simple, entire, penninerved, gland-dotted, without 

 stipules. Flowers solitary or in cymes, axillary, hermaphrodite. Sepals 3, 

 imbricate in bud. Petals 4 — 10, free or united below, imbricate in bud. Sta- 

 mens 7 — 18, hypogynous. Filaments wholly united. Anthers opening 

 outwards by longitudinal slits. Ovary superior, i-celled, with 3—5 parietal 

 placentas. Ovules inverted. Style simple, short. Fruit a berr}^ Seeds with 

 a minute embryo and copious albumen. — Genera 2, species 4. Tropics. 

 (CANELLACEAE.) 



Petals 4 — 6, united l^eyond the middle. Anthers 7 — q, two-celled, or 14—18, 

 I-celled. Placentas 3 — ^^j. Stigma i. Flowers solitary. — Species 2. 

 Madagascar. Used medicinally. [Tribe CINNAMOSMEAE.] 



Cinnamosma Baill 



Petals 10, free. Anthers 10. Placentas 5. Stigmas 5. Flowers cymose. — 



Species 2. East Africa. Yielding an aromatic oil. [Tribe CINNA- 



MODENDREAE.] Warburgia Engl. 



FAMILY 158. VIOLACEAE 



Leaves simple. Flowers bracteolate, more or less irregular. Sepals 5, 

 free or united at the base, with open or imbricate aestivation. Petals 5, 

 free, hypogynous or nearly so, imbricate in bud. Stamens 5, alternating with 



