158. VIOLACEAE — I5q. FLACOURTIACEAE 367 



the petals, hypogynous or nearh' so. Filaments short. Anthers turned in- 

 wards ; connective usually prolonged. Ovary superior, sessile, i-celled, 

 with 3 parietal placentas. Ovules inverted. Style simple. Fruit a loculicidal 

 capsule with an elasticall}^ seceding exocarp. Seeds albuminous. — Cienera 4, 

 species 100. (Plate 103.) 



1. Flowers distinctly irregular. Lowest petal larger than the rest and fur- 



nished with a spur or boss at the base. Anterior filaments bearing a 

 spur, a boss, or a gland. Style thickened and usually curved above. 

 Ovules numerous. Herbs or undershrubs, rarely shrubs. [Tribe 



VIOLEAE.] 2 



Flowers nearly regular. Petals subequal, without spur or boss. 

 Stj^le straight, with a terminal stigma. Shrubs or trees. [Tribe 

 RINOREEAE.] 3 



2. Sepals produced at the base into two auricles. Filaments very short. 



Herbs or undershrubs. Leaves alternate. Flowers solitary or in pairs. 

 — Species 20. Some of them yield perfumes and medicaments and 

 serve as ornamental plants (violets and pansies). . . . Viola L. 

 Sepals not auricled. Lowest petal saccate or gibbous. — Species 10. 

 Tropica] and South Africa Some are used medicinally. [Calceolaria 

 Loefh, lonidium Vent.) Hybanthus Jacq. 



3. Flowers in clusters springing from the old wood. Petals connivent. 



Ovules 3. Seeds with an aril and with scanty albumen. — Species i. 



West Africa (Cameroons) Allexis Pierre 



Flowers solitary or in terminal or axillary racemes or panicles. Seeds 

 without an aril, with copious albumen. — Species 70. Tropical and 

 South-east Africa. Some yield timber. {Alsodeia Thouars). (Plate 

 103.) Rinorea Aubl. 



FAMILY 159. FLACOURTIACEAE 



Shrubs or trees. Leaves undivided, usually stipulate. Flowers regular. 

 Petals free, v/ith imbricate or valvate, rarely [Dioncopiiyllum) with contorted 

 aestivation, or wanting. Stamens as many as the sepals or more. Anthers 

 2-cened, verv rarelv -^-celled, opening by longitudinal slits, rarely {Kiggelaria) 

 by apical pores. Ovary superior and sessile or nearly so, or half-inferior, rarely 

 [Benibicia) inferior, one-celled or incompletely, rarely completely 2- or more- 

 celled, with 2 — 8 parietal, rarely axile placentas bearing the ovules sometimes 

 at the top only, rarely with a single placenta. Ovules 3 or more, rarely 2, 

 inverted. Seeds nearly always albuminous and with a straight embryo. — 

 Genera 46, species 250. Tropical and South Africa. (Including SAMYD- 

 ACEAE, under BIXINEAE.] (Plate i(>4.) 

 I. Perianth-leaves spirally arranged ; sepals gradually passing into the 



petals. Ovarv superior, i-celled. Flowers in spikes or racemes. 



[Tribe ERYTHROSPERMEAE. ' 2 



Perianth-leaves whorled ; sepals separated from the petals, or petals 



absent 7 



