200. APOCYNACEAE 437 



terminal false umbels. — Species i. West Africa. (Under Taber- 



naemontana L.) Picralima Pierre 



Carpels wholly connate. Fruit entire 30 



30. Ovules numerous in each cell, in several rows. Disc none. Stamens 



inserted in the lower half of the corolla-tube. Calyx without glands. 

 Fruit a capsule. Seeds ciliate. Erect shrubs. Leaves whorled. — 



Species i. Madagascar Craspidosperma Boj. 



Ovules I— 10 in each cell, in one or two rows 31 



31. Stamens inserted in the lower half of the corolla-tube. Anthers linear. 



Calyx-tube with many glands inside. Disc ring-shaped Stigmatic 

 head cylindrical. Unarmed, climbing shrubs. — Species i. West Africa 



(Congo) Cyclocotyla Stapf 



Stamens inserted in the upper half of the corolla-tube. Stigmatic head 

 crowned by a hairy point. Fruit a berry. Leaves opposite, with a few 

 axillary glands or without glands 32 



32. Stem unarmed, erect, woody. Bark bitter, poisonous. Inflorescences 



axillary. Ovules i — 2 in each ovary-cell. — Species 4. Tropical and 

 South Africa. They yield arrow-poison and are used as ornamental 



plants. [Toxicophloea Harv.) Acocanthera Don 



Stem spinous. Bark not bitter nor poisonous. Inflorescences terminal 

 or pseudo-axillary. — Species 12. Tropical and South Africa. Some 

 species yield timber, edible fruits, and medicaments, or serve as hedge 

 plants. [Arduina Mill., Carandas Adans.) .... Carissa L. 



33. (22.) Ovules 2 — 6 in each carpel 34 



Ovules 8 or more in each carpel 42 



34. Placentas much projectmg. Fruit drupaceous. Trees or shrubs. [Sub- 



tribe CERBERINAE.] 35 



Placentas little projecting. Corolla-lobes overlapping to the left. Leaves 

 opposite or whorled. [Subtribe rauwolfiinae.] .... 38 



35. Corolla without scales at the throat ; segments overlapping to the right. 



Calyx-segments blunt, imbricate in bud. Anthers pomted. Leaves 

 opposite or whorled. — Species i. Madagascar and neighbouring 

 islands. Yields timber, dyes, and medicaments. . Ochrosia Juss. 

 Corolla with scales at the throat ; segments overlapping to the left. Calyx- 

 segments pointed. Leaves alternate 36 



36. Calyx with many glands. Corolla yellow. Disc present. Ovules 2 in a 



carpel. — Species i {Th. neriifolia Juss.). Cultivated in the tropics. 



The seeds yield oil Thevetia L. 



Calyx without glands. Corolla white or reddish. Disc absent. Ovules 4 

 in a carpel 37 



37. Calyx-segments broadened at the base, imbricate in bud, persistent. 



Corolla-tube slightly widened at the throat. Anthers blunt. Pericarp 

 not fibrous. — Species i. Madagascar. Yields timber and poison. 



Tanghinia Thouars 



