207- SOLAN ACE AE — 2o8. SCROPHULARIACEAE 483 



12. Anthers cohering or opening by apical pores. Corolla rotate or widely 



campanulate. Calyx not or slightly enlarged in the fruit. Flowers 

 usually in cymose, umbel-, raceme-, or panicle-like inflorescences. — 

 Species 150 ; three of them (5. tuberosum L., potato, S. Melongena L., 

 egg-plant, and S. Lycopericmn L., tomato) only cultivated. Several 

 species yield edible fruits or tubers, from which starch sugar and alcohol 

 are prepared, also tanning and dyeing materials, a substitute for soap, a 

 means to coagulate milk, and various medicaments ; others serve as 

 vegetables or as ornamental or hedge-plants ; some are poisonous. 

 (Including Lycopersicitm Mill, and Normania Lowe). Solanum L. 

 Anthers free, opening by longitudinal slits. Leaves entire, toothed, or 

 lobed 13 



13. Corolla narrowly campanulate, white. Calyx much enlarged and inflated 



in the fruit. Flowers in clusters. Leaves undivided. Shrubs. — 

 Species 6. Poisonous and used medicinally ; the sap coagulates milk. 



{Physaloides Moench) Withania Pauq. 



Corolla rotate or very widely campanulate. Flowers solitary. ... 14 



14. Calyx entire or with 5 small teeth, usually but slightly enlarged in the 



fruit. Corolla white. Filaments longer than the anthers. Fruit 

 slightly fleshy. Herbs or undershrubs. — Species 6. Cultivated and 

 sometimes naturalized in various regions. The fruits (chillies) serve as 

 condiments or medicaments. " Cayenne pepper." . . Capsicum L. 

 Calyx 5-lobed, much enlarged in the fruit 15 



15. Calyx spreading under the fruit. Corolla white. Shrubs. Leaves un- 



divided, covered with dense hairs. — Species i. Island of St. Helena. 



Melissea Hook. 



Calyx inflated and enclosing the fruit. Corolla white, yellow, or violet. 



Herbs. — Species 6 ; three of them natives of Central and South Africa, 



the others cultivated and sometimes naturahzed in various regions. 



They yield edible fruits and medicaments. " Winter-cherry." 



Physalis L. 



FAMILY 208. SCROPHULARIACEAE 



Leaves without stipules. Flowers hermaphrodite, usually irregular. Petals 



4 — 5, united below, imbricate, not folded in the bud. Stamens 2 — 5, usually 4. 



Disc present. Ovary superior, 2-celled, the partition placed transversely to the 



median plane of the flower, rarely i-celled or {Bowkeria) 3-celled. Ovules 



inverted or half-inverted. Style simple or 2-cleft. Seeds albuminous with a 



straight or shghtly curved embryo, rarely {Dintera) exalbuminous. — Genera 



107, species 1150. (Including SELAGINEAE.) (Plate 136.) 



I. Posterior lobes or upper Hp of the corolla overlapped in the bud by one or 



both of the lateral lobes. [Subfamily RHINANTHOIDEAE.] . . 2 



Posterior lobes or upper lip of the corolla overlapping the lateral lobes 



in the bud 45 



