522 219- RUBIACEAE 



Pericarp thick or rather thick, not adnate to the seed. Herbs or underr 

 shrubs. — Species 12. Tropical and South Africa. Diodia Gronov. 



51. Fruit opening by a Hd. Calyx-lobes 4. — Species 2. Central and South 



Africa. Used medicinally Mitracarpus Zucc. 



Fruit opening lengthwise 5^ 



52. Fruit splitting upwards from the base, remaining entire at the apex. Calyx- 



lobes 4. Corolla long funnel-shaped. Stamens inserted on the limb 



of the corolla. Style-apex capitate, shortly 2-lobed. — Species 2. East 



Africa. (Under Spermacoce Dill.) . . . Hypodematium A. Rich. 



Fruit splitting downwards from the apex, remaining entire at the base. 53 



53. Fruit with only one valve opening, the other remaining attached to the 



partition. Calyx-lobes 4. Corolla shortly funnel-shaped. Stamens 

 inserted at the base of the coroUa-tube. — Species i. Comoro Islands. 



{Spermacoceoides O. Ktze.) Spermacoce Dill. 



Fruit with both valves opening and splitting at the apex. — Species 45. 

 Tropical and South-east Africa. Some are used medicinally. {Tardavel 

 Adans., including Octadon Thonn., under Spermacoce Dill.) 



Borreria G. W. Mey. 



M- (30-) Stamens inserted at the base or on the lower part of the corolla-tube ; 



filaments long ; anthers versatile. Flowers usually unisexual. Seeds 



with fleshy albumen. Leaves having a bad smell when rubbed. [Tribe 



ANTHOSPERMEAE.] 55 



Stamens inserted at the mouth or on the upper part of the corolla-tube. 

 Flowers usually hermaphrodite 61 



55. Style and stigma entire. Flowers solitary, axillary, 5-merous, polygamous. 



Fruit a nut or separating into two nutlets. — Species 3. South Africa. 



Carpacoce Sond. 

 Style 2-cleft or 2-parted 5^ 



56. Style shortly 2-cleft. Flowers axillary, hermaphrodite. Corolla-lobes 



3-lobed. Anthers included. Fruit a drupe. Shrubs. — Species i. 

 Naturalized in the Mascarene Islands. A medicinal and ornamental 



plant Serissa Comm. 



Style deeply 2-parted. Anthers exserted 57 



57. Ovary and fruit with empty cavities between the two fertile cells ; hence 



apparently 3 — 5-celled. Fruit separating into nutlets. Flowers axillary, 



dioecious. — Species 6. South Africa. {Ambraria Cruse) . Nenax Gaertn. 



Ovary and fruit 2-celled without conspicuous empty cavities. ... 58 



58. Stem herbaceous, prostrate. Flowers axillary. Corolla-lobes erect. Fruit 



a drupe. — Species 2. Island of Tristan da Cunha. Used as orna- 

 mental plants Nertera Banks & Sol. 



Stem woody, at least at the base. Fruit capsular or separating into 



mericarps 59 



-59. Flowers axillary, solitary or in clusters, rarely in terminal panicles ; in this 

 case undershrubs with entire stipules and dioecious, 4-merous flowers. — 

 Species 35. Southern and tropical Africa. . . . Anthospermum L. 



