532 219- RUBIACEAE 



146. Calyx inversely umbrella-shaped, membranous at the base of the segments. 



Corolla salver-shaped. Stamens inserted at the throat of the corolla. 

 Fruit opening loculicidally. Leaves linear. — Species i. Madagascar. 



Carphalea Juss. 



Calyx not inversely umbrella-shaped, with 4 lobes alternating with small 



teeth. Corolla tubular. Stamens inserted in the corolla-tube. Leaves 



ovate. — Species i. Island of Socotra. . . . Placopoda Balf. 



147. Calyx-segments distinctly unequal, usually one of them much en- 



larged 148 



Calyx-segments equal or nearly so 151 



148. Corolla glabrous at the throat. Style 2-lobed. Fruit loculicidal, with a 



persistent and a deciduous valve. Herbs. Flowers in cymes. — 



Species 10. Central Africa. Virecta Afzel. 



Corolla hairy at the throat. Style 2 -cleft 149 



149. Flowers in spikes. Fruit with septicidal and locuhcidal dehiscence. 



Undershrubs. — Species 12. Tropics Otomeria Benth. 



Flowers in fascicles, cymes, or panicles. Fruit with loculicidal dehiscence. 



150 



150. Corolla red or violet. Stamens inserted in the upper part of the corolla- 



tube. Herbs or undershrubs. Stipules divided into awl-shaped or 

 bristle-Hke segments. — Species 35. Tropical and South Africa. Some 

 are used as ornamental plants. {Neiirocarpaea R. Br.) Pentas Benth. 

 Corolla yellow or white. Stamens inserted at the throat of the corolla. 

 Shrubs or trees. (See 128.) Mussaenda L. 



151. Stamens inserted in the lower part of the corolla-tube. Anthers con- 



verging above or cohering into a tube, opening at the top. Corolla 

 rotate. Style simple, with a capitate stigma. Fruit opening with a 

 hd or irregularly. Herbs. Stipules undivided. Flowers in spike- or 

 umbel-like cymes. — Species 2. Central Africa. . . Argostema Wall. 

 Stamens inserted in the upper part of the corolla -tube or at its mouth. 

 Anthers neither converging nor cohering, opening lengthwise. . .152 



152. Flowers in racemes, 5-merous. Calyx-segments Unear. Corolla white, 



funnel-shaped ; tube rather short. Anthers included. Placentas 

 spindle-shaped. Style 2-cleft. Creeping herbs. — Species i. East 



Africa Dolichometra K. Schum. 



Flowers soHtary or in sometimes capitate or scorpioid cymes, often 

 collected in false racemes or panicles 153 



153. Flowers in one-sided cymose inflorescences, 5-merous. Stamens inserted 



in the corolla-tube, included. Placentas filiform. Stj^le-branches 

 spatulate. Fruit narrow, compressed, few-seeded, with septicidal and 

 loculicidal dehiscence. Climbing herbs. Stipules lanceolate. — Species 



I. Central Africa Hekistocarpa Hook. fil. 



Flowers in head-hke or lax, not one-sided cymes, or solitary. . . . 154 



