222. DIPSACACEAE — 223. CUCURBITACEAE 535 



3. Scales of the receptacle stiff and pointed. Calyx-teeth usually 4. Stem 



prickly or bristly. — Species 5. North and East Africa. Several species 

 are used in the manufacture of cloth and in medicine. " Teasel." 



Dipsacus L. 



Scales of the receptacle herbaceous or replaced by hairs. Stem glabrous or 



hairy, rarely bristly 4 



4. Scales of the receptacle nearly as large as the flowers. Epicalyx with 8 



longitudinal furrows. Calyx-teeth 5. Stigma entire. — Species 2. 

 North-west Africa and Cameroons. They yield dyes and medicaments. 



(Under Scahiosa L.) Succisa Coult. 



Scales of the receptacle much smaller than the flowers or replaced by 

 hairs 5 



5. Calyx-teeth 4 — 6. Stigma 2-parted. Epicalyx with 8 longitudinal 



furrows or ribs and a saucer-shaped limb. Receptacle scaly. — Species 

 18. Some of them are used as ornamental or medicinal plants. 



Scabiosa L. 

 Calyx-teeth 8 — 24 6 



6. Calyx-teeth 8. Epicalyx without distinct furrows or ribs, and with a 



narrow, toothed limb. Receptacle hairy. — Species 2. North-west 

 Africa. Used as ornamental or medicinal plants. (Under Scabiosa L.) 



Knautia Coult, 

 Calyx-teeth 12 — 24. Epicalyx with 8 longitudinal furrows and a saucer- 

 shaped limb. — Species 6. North Africa and Abyssinia. (Under 

 Scabiosa L.) Pterocephalus Vaill. 



ORDER CAMPANULATAE 



SUBORDER CUCURBITINEAE 



FAMILY 223. CUCURBITACEAE 



Nearly always prostrate or climbing and tendril-bearing plants. Leaves 

 broad, usually with pedate nervation. Flowers unisexual or polygamous, 

 regular or nearly so, 5-merous. Calyx of united sepals. Stamens 4 — 5, four 

 of them united in pairs, rarely all united or all free. Anthers usually opening 

 outwards. Ovary inferior. Ovules inverted. Style undivided or cleft. 

 Fruit berry-like, but sometimes dehiscent, more rarely dry and indeliiscent. 

 Seeds with a leathery or woody testa and a straight embryo, without albumen. — 

 Genera 42, species 270. (Plate 148.) 



1. Filaments all united into a column. [Tribe SICYOIDEAE.] ... 2 

 Filaments free or united at the base or in pairs 5 



2. Anthers 2 — 3, horizontal, straight or slightly curved. Stamina! column 



very short. Male flowers in panicles, yellowish. Tendrils 2-cleft. — 

 Species i. East Africa. (Under Gerrardanthus Harv.) 



Cyclantheropsis Harms 

 Anthers 3 — 5, erect and much curved or twisted 3 



