220. COMPOSITAE 545 



two longitudinal slits. Ovary inferior, i-celled. Ovule i, erect, inverted. 

 Style of the fertile hermaphrodite flowers cleft into two branches, which bear 

 stigmatic papillae on the inner face or the margins, and hairs on the outer 

 face, on both sides, or at the top ; style of the sterile flowers usually entire. 

 Fruit indehiscent, mostly dry. Seed solitary, with a thin coat usually adnata 

 to ihe pericarp, exalbuminous. Embryo straight ; radicle short, inferior. — 

 Genera 327, species 4200. (Including AM BROS I ACE A E.) (Plate 150.) 



1. Corolla of all flowers strap-shaped (ligulate). Juice milky. [Tribe 



CICHORIEAE.] 2 



Corolla of the hermaphrodite and male flowers not strap-shape-d. Juice 

 not milky 31 



2. Scales on the receptacle enclosing the fruits. Thistle-like herbs. — Species 



3. North Africa and northern East Africa. Used as vegetables and in 



medicine. [Subtribe scolyminae.] Scolymus L. 



Scales on the receptacle not enclosing the fruits or wanting. Not thistle- 

 like plants 3 



3. Pappus of all or of the inner fruits consisting of feathery bristles which are 



sometimes broadened at the base or surrounded by simple bristles 



or by a small crown. [vSubtribe leontodontinae.] 4 



Pappus consisting of simple, smooth or rough, in some cases shortly ciliate 

 bristles, or of such bristles and scales, or only of scales sometimes ending 

 in a not feathery, in some cases shortly ciliate awn, or of scales united 

 into a small crown, or wanting altogether 10 



4. Pappus-bristles, at least on the inner fruits, with interwoven pinnae. 



Receptacle without scales 5 



Pappus-bristles with not interwoven pinnae, in i or 2 rows. I'lowers 

 yellow 7 



5. Pappus-bristles and involucral bracts in one row. Flower-heads terminal, 



solitary, large or rather large. Leaves hnear. — Species 3. North 

 Africa ; one of the species also naturalized in St. Helena. Used as 

 vegetables or in medicine. " Salsify." (Including Geropogon L.) 



Tragopogon L. 

 Pappus-bristles and involucral bracts in several rows 6 



6. Fruits obliquely tnmcate at the top ; hence pappus lateral. Flower- 



heads terminal, solitary ; flowers yellow. Leaves radical. — Species i. 



North-west Africa (Algeria) Tourneuxia Coss. 



Fruits straight at the top. — Species 7. North and Central Africa ; one 

 species only cultivated. They yield edible roots, food for silkworms, 

 and medicaments. (Including Podospermum DC.) Scorzonera L. 



7. Receptacle with scales between the flowers. Involucral bracts in several 



rows. — Species 6. North Africa ; two of the species also naturalized 

 in South Africa, St. Helena, and the Mascarenes. Used in medicine. 



(Including Seriola L.) Hypochoeris L. 



Receptacle without scales ^ 



2M 



