546 226. COMPOSITAE 



8. Involucral bracts in one row. Fruits with a hollow beak. Pappus-bristlies 



in two rows. Flower-heads solitary. — Species 2. North Africa and 



Cape Verde Islands ; naturalized in South Africa. Urospermum Scop. 



Involucral bracts in seveial rows g 



9. Leaves all radical. Stem simple or scantily branched. Pappus per- 



sistent. — Species 20. North Africa. (Including Asteroihrix Coss., 

 Fidelia Schultz, Kalbfussia Schultz, Microderis DC, Millina Cass., and 



Thrincia Roth) Leontodon L. 



Leaves cauline or cauline and radical. Stem branched, hairy. — Species 

 20. North and Central Africa. Several species are used as vegetables. 

 (Including Decker a Schultz, Helminthia Juss., Spitzelia Schultz, Viraea 

 Vahl, and Vigineixia Pomel) Picris L. 



10. (3.) Pappus, at least on the inner fruits, consisting of bristles. [Subtribe 



CREPIDINAE.] II 



Pappus consisting of scales and bristles, or of scales sometimes prolonged 

 into an awn or united in a small crown, or wanting. [Subtribe 

 CICHORINAE.] 24 



11. Receptacle beset with bristles. Fruits not beaked 12 



Receptacle glabrous or shortly ciliate 13 



12. Receptacle bristly throughout. Fruits hnear. — Species i. North-east 



Africa (Egypt). {Lagoseris M. Bieb.) .... Pterotheca Cass. 



Receptacle pitted ; only the edges of the pits beset with bristles. Fruits 



oblong. — Species 10. North Africa Andryala L. 



13. Fruits ending in a beak 14 



Fruits without a beak, but sometimes narrowed at the apex. ... 18 



14. Fruits tubercled at the base of the beak 15 



Fruits not tuber cled at the base of the beak 17 



15. Outer fruits not beaked, with a rudimentary pappus or without a pappus. 



Flower-heads subequal, in corymbs. — Species i. North-east Africa 



(Egypt) Heteroderis Boiss. 



Outer fruits similar to the inner 16 



16. Heads rather small, 7 — i5-flowered. Leaves radical and cauline. — 



Species i. North Africa. Used as a salad and in medicine. 



Chondrilla L. 

 Heads rather large, many-flowered. Leaves all radical. — Species 8. 

 Some of them are used as salad or in medicine. " DandeHon." 



Taraxacum Hall. 



17. Fruits compressed. — Species 40, one of them (L. saliva L.) only cultivated. 



They are used as salad and fodder and in medicine ; some are poisonous. 



" Lettuce." (Including Cicerbita Wallr.) , ... . . Lactuca L. 



Fruits, at least the inner, terete or angular, many-ribbed. — Species 35. 



(Including Anisorhamphus DC. and Barkhousia Moench). . Crepis L. 



18. Fruits much narrowed at the top 19 



Fruits, at least the inner, not or slightly narrowed and truncate at the top. 20 



