226. COMPOSITAH 547 



19. Stem reduced to a rootstock sometimes prolonged into a short scape. 



Flowers yellow. — Species 2. East Africa. . . Dianthoseris Schultz 

 Stem well developed, not scape-like. (See 17.) .... Crepis L. 



20. Fruits of two kinds, the inner differing from tlie outer. In\'olu(Ta] bracts 



in many rows, with scarious margins 21 



Fruits all alike 22 



21. Outer fruits tranversely wrinkled or hairy, inner smooth and glabrous. — '■ 



Species 20. Some of them are used medicinally. (Including Heter- 

 achaena Fres., Microrhynchns Less., Rhabdotheca Cass., and ZoUikoferia 



DC.) Launaea Cass. 



Outer and inner fruits 3^5-furrowed, with crcnate ribs, the inner less 

 deeply furrowed. Pappus-bristles falling away together. — Species 5. 

 North and East Africa. Some are used as vegetables. [Picridiiim 

 Desf.) Reichardia Roth 



22. Fruits obscurely ribbed, not or slightly compressed, angular. Flowers 



red, violet, or white. Heads in racemes or panicles. - — Species 2. 



Canary Islands and Socotra Prenanthes L. 



Fruits distinctly ribbed. Flowers usually yellow 2^^ 



23. Fruits compressed. — Species 40. Some of them are used as vegetables 



• or in medicine. " Sowthistle." Sonchus L. 



Fruits terete or angular. — Species 7. North and South Africa and 

 Madagascar. Some are used in medicine. " Hawkweed." 



Hieracium L. 



24. (10.) Pappus present 25 



Pappus absent. Receptacle glabrous or shortly ciliate. Flowers yellow. 29 



25. Receptacle entirely beset with long bristles. Pappus consisting of toothed 



or awned scales. Involucral bracts with a scarious appendage. — 

 Species 5. North Africa. Some are used as ornamental plants. 



Catananche L. 



Receptacle glabrous or shortly ciliate, sometimes with some long bristles 



in the centre 26 



26. Involucral bracts hardened at the time of maturity. Flower-heads terminal, 



solitary ; flowers yellow 27 



Involucral bracts not hardened at maturity 28 



27. Fruits compressed, some of them winged. — Species 3. North Africa. 



Hyoseris L. 



Fruits terete, not winged. — Species 2. North Africa. (Under Leon- 



todon L.) Hedypnois Schreb. 



28. Flowers yellow. Involucral bracts subequal in length. Fruits 6 — 8- 



ribbed. Pappus of the inner fruits consisting of scales and bristles. — 

 Species 12. North and Central Africa. Some are used as ornamental 



plants Tolpis Bivona 



Flowers blue, red, or white. Involucral bracts unequal in length. Fruits 

 5-angled. Pappus consisting of short scales. — Species 6. North and 

 Central Africa ; one of the species also naturalized elsewhere, two of them 



