548 226. COMPOSITAE 



only cultivated. The latter yield vegetables, salad, fodder for cattle,, 

 medicaments, and a substitute for coffee. " Chicory." Cichorium L. 



29. Involucral bracts hardened later on and enclosing the outer fruits. Fruits 



linear, the outer spreading. — Species 2. North Africa. Used as 



salad Rhagadiolus Juss. 



Involucral bracts neither hardened nor enclosing the fruits 30 



30. Fruits linear, incurved at the top, spreading, the ribs beset with short 



prickles. — Species i. North-west Africa (Algeria). Koelpinia Pall. 

 Fruits oblong-ovate, rounded at the top, compressed, many-streaked, 

 glabrous. — Species i. North Africa, also naturalized in the Mascarene 

 Islands. Yields salad and is used in medicine. {Lampsana Juss.) 



Lapsana L. 



31. (i.) Styles of the hermaphrodite flowers, at or somewhat below the point 



of division, thickened or provided with a ring of rather long hairs. 

 Involucral bracts in several rows. [Tribes CYNAREAE and ARCTO- 



TIDEAE.] 32 



Styles of the hermaphrodite flowers neither thickened nor provided with a 

 ring of long hairs at or below the point of division 67 



32. Outer (ray-) flowers strap-shaped. Anthers not tailed 33 



Outer flowers not strap-shaped. Anthers usually more or less distinctly 



tailed 41 



2)2,- Involucral bracts free, the inner scarious at the apex. Flower-heads 



solitarj' 34 



Involucral bracts united below. [Subtribe gorterinae.] .... 35 



34. Pappus formed of feathery bristles. Outer involucral bracts leaf-like and 



usually prickly. Leaves prickly. — Species 12. North Africa. One 

 of the species yields gum and is used in medicine. . . Atractylis L. 

 Pappus formed of scales sometimes united into a small crown, or wanting. 

 — Species 85. South and Central Africa. Some are used as orna- 

 mental plants. (Including Arctotheca Wendl., Cryptostemma R. Br., 

 Damatris Cass., Haplocarpha Less., Landtia Less., Microstephium Less., 

 and Venidium Less.) Arctotis L. 



35. Involucral bracts united at the base only. Receptacle with deep pits 



enclosing the fruits 36 



Involucral bracts united to the middle or beyond. Receptacle with more or 

 less shallow pits not enclosing the fruits 38 



36. Involucral bracts in two rows, the outer leaf -like and longer than the inner. 



Pappus of feathery-fringed scales Flower-heads solitary. Leaves 

 entire or prickly-toothed, often ciliate. — Species 5. South Africa. 



Didelta L'Her. 

 Involucral bracts in 3 or more rows, prickly. Leaves prickly. ... 37 



37. Pappus formed of scales. — Species 80. South and Central Africa. Some 



are used medicinally, others are noxious weeds. {Crocodiloides Adans., 

 including Stephanocoma Less, and Stobaea Thunb.) Berliheya Ehrh. 



