226. COMPOSITAE 55 1 



Heads containing only fertile hermaphrodite flowers. Involucral bracts 

 prickly. Leaves toothed or divided, prickly 55 



55. Receptacle deeply pitted. Anthers not tailed. (See 37.) Berkheya Ehrh. 

 Receptacle not pitted. Anthers tailed. Heads arranged in cymes. — 



Species i. North Africa. Used medicinally. {Broteroa Willd.) 



Cardopatium Juss. 



56. (51.) Filaments united. Flowers red. Leaves white-stained, prickly. 57 

 Filaments free 58 



57. Heads panicled ; the central flowers hermaphrodite, the outer neuter. 



Pappus-bristles feathery. — Species 3. North Africa. {Lupsia Neck.) 



Galactites Neck. 

 Heads solitary ; all flowers hermaphrodite. Pappus-bristles not feathery. 



— Species 2. North Africa ; one of the species also naturalized in 

 South Africa. Used as vegetables and in medicine. Silybum Gaertn. 



58. Filaments warty or hairy. Leaves usually prickly 59 



Filaments glabrous 62 



59. Receptacle deeply pitted, without bristles. — Species 9. North Africa. 



Onopordon L. 

 Receptacle shghtly or not pitted, bristly 60 



60. Receptacle fleshy. Flower-heads large, solitary. Leaves divided. — 



Species 6. North Africa; one species (C. Scolymus L., artichoke) only 

 cultivated. They are used as vegetables and in medicine. (Including 



Cynaropsis O. Ktze.) Cynara L. 



Receptacle not fleshy 61 



61. Pappus-bristles feathery. — Species 17. North and Central Africa. Some 



are used as vegetables and in medicine. {Cnicus L., including Chamae- 

 pence DC, Nolobasis Csiss., a.nd Picnomon DC.) . . . Cirsium Scop. 

 Pappus-bristles not feathery. — Species 20. North and East Africa. 



Carduus L. 



62. Receptacle deeply pitted, ciliate only at the edges of the pits. Pappus of 



scales. Involucral bracts united at the base. Flowers yellow. Anthers 



not tailed 63 



Receptacle not or slightly pitted, bristly. Pappus of bristles. ... 64 



63. Involucral bracts in two rows, the outer the longer. (See 36.) 



Didelta L'Her. 



Involucral bracts in 3 or more rows, prickly. Leaves prickly. (See 



37.) Berkheya Ehrh. 



64. Involucral bracts ending in hooked awns. Heads in racemes. Leaves 



undivided, unarmed. Herbs. — Species i. North Africa. Yields 



oil and medicaments. " Burdock." {Lappa Juss.) . . Arctium L. 



Involucral bracts without hooked awns 65 



65. Pappus-bristles in one row, not feathery, united below. Flowers red. 



He ids narrow, in corvmbs. Leaves undivided, unarmed, Undershrubs. 



— Species i. North-west Africa. Used medicinally. Staehelina L 

 Pappus-bristles in several rows, rough or feathery 66 



