226. COMPOSITAE 557 



Receptacle glabrous, rarely bearing some bristles ; in this case fruits- 

 turgid. [Tribe CALENDULEAE.] 121 



121. Marginal fruits of several kinds. Heads solitary, yellow-flowered. Herbs 



or undershrubs 122 



Marginal fruits all alike 123 



122. Fruits curved. Heads medium-sized. — Species 15. North and South 



Africa and Cape Verde Islands, some also naturalized in St. Helena, 

 and one species naturalized in the extratropical regions. Some are used 

 as ornamental plants (marigold) or yield medicaments and a substitute 



for saffron Calendula L. 



Fruits straight. Heads small. — Species 3. South Africa. (Including 

 Xenisma DC.) Oligocarpus Less. 



123. Fruits with 3 wings and a cupular apical appendage. Involucral bracts 



in one row. — Species 35. South and Central Africa. Tripteris Less. 

 Fruits without distinct wings or other appendages 124 



124. Involucral bracts in one row or nearly so. Fruits 3-angled, usually tuber- 



cled. Heads solitary. Herbs or undershrubs. — Species 20. South 

 Africa to Angola. Some are used as ornamental plants. 



Dimorphotheca Moench 



Involucral bracts in 2 or more rows. Marginal flowers yellow. Fruits 



thick and hard, smooth or indistinctly ribbed. — Species 60. South 



and Central Africa. (Including Gihharia Cass.) . Osteospermum L. 



125. (118.) Heads of two kinds ; one kind with nearly all the flowers male, 



the other with nearly all female. Pappus of free bristles. Woolly or 

 cottony herbs. Heads in corymbs. — Species i. Madagascar. 



Anaphalis DC. 

 Heads all alike 126 



126. Female flowers in one row. Involucral bracts scarious, all or the inner 



petal-like. Pappus of bristles. Cottony shrubs or nndershrnbs. . 127 

 Female flowers in several rows 128 



127. Heads large, sohtary. — Species i. South Africa. Used as an ornamental 



plant Phaenocoma Don 



Heads small, in dense cymes. — Species 7. South Africa. Anaxeton Cass 



128. Pappus consisting of bristles 129 



Pappus wanting, at least in the marginal fruits 131 



129. Heads in glomerules arranged in corymbs. Shrubs. — Species 3. Mada- 



gascar and Mascarenes Monarrhenus Cass. 



Heads sohtar\ or in panicles or corv'mbs 130 



130. Involucral bracts narrow. Herbs. — Species 15. Tropical and South 



Africa. Some species yield camphor and medicaments. {Placus Lour.) 



Blumea DC. 



Involucral bracts broad. Shrubs or undershrubs, rarely herbs. — Species 



15. Tropics. Some are used medicinally. (Including Tecmarsis DC.) 



Pluchea Cass. 



