56o 226. COMPOSITAE 



156. Pappus of two or more rows of bristles, the outer of which are shorter. 157 

 Pappus of subequal bristles sometimes intermingled with a few shorter 



ones 159 



157. Pappus-bristles in 3 or more rows. Heads without ray-flowers. — Species 



10. Tropical and South Africa and Egypt Iphiona Cass. 



Pappus-bristles in 2 rows 158 



158. Pappus of 5 inner and 10 outer bristles. Heads without ray-flowers. 



Shrubs. — Species I. South Africa. . . . Anisothrix O. Hoffm. 



Pappus of 10 inner and 10 outer bristles. Heads with ray-flowers. Under- 



shrubs. — Species i. South Africa Minurothaninus DC. 



159. Heads few-flowered, without ray-flowers, arranged in panicles or corymbs. 



Involucre of few bracts. — Species 2. Egypt. (Under Iphiona Cass.) 



Varthemia DC. 

 Heads many-flowered. Involucre of many bracts 160 



160. Involucral bracts leathery, the outer sticky at the tip. Heads with ray- 



flowers, solitary. Pappus-bristles in one row. Glandular-hairy shrubs. 



— Species i. South Africa Homochaete Benth. 



Involucral bracts herbaceous or the inner scarious. — Species 30. Some of 

 them yield vermin-poison or are used in medicine. (Including Bojeria 

 DC, Pentatrichia Klatt, Schizogyne Cass., and Vicoa Cass.) Inula L. 



161. Pappus-scales united below 162 



Pappus-scales free 163 



162. Pappus-bristles about 5. Female marginal flowers wanting. Heads in 



corymbs. Shrubs. — Species 2. Canary Islands. Allagopappus Cass. 

 Pappus-bristles 7 or more. Female marginal flowers present. Heads 

 sohtar)^ at the ends of the branches. Herbs. — Species 30. Some of 

 them yield vermin-poison or are used in medicine. (Including Fran- 

 coeuria Cass.) Pulicaria Gaertn. 



163. Pappus-scales rather broad, fringed. Fruits lo-ribbed. Heads without 



ray-flowers. Herbs. (See 69.) Pegolettia Cass. 



Pappus-scales very narrow 164 



164. Fruits constricted into a short neck, lo-ribbed. Heads without ray- 



flowers. Shrubs. Leaves pinnately divided. — Species 3. North 



Africa. (Under Grantia Boiss.) Perralderia Coss. 



Fruits not constricted above. Heads with ray-flowers 165 



165. Fruits 4 — 5-ribbed. Pappus-bristles 5 — 10. Shrubs. — Species i. Ca- 



nary Islands Viraea Webb 



Fruits many-ribbed. Pappus-bristles numerous. Undershrubs. — 

 Species i. North-west Africa Jasonia Cass. 



166. (149.) Female or neuter marginal flowers with a strap-shaped corolla. 167 

 Female or neuter marginal flowers with a thread-shaped corolla or wanting. 



[Tribe INULEAE, subtribes gnaphalinae and relhaninae.] . 176 



167. Leaves grooved or rolled inwards on the upper side, small. Heath-like 



plants. [Tribe INULEAE, subtribe relhaninae.] 168 



Leaves flat or rolled back from the margins. Not heath-like plants. . 172 



