226. COMPOSITAE 563 



194. Habit heath-like. Shrubs. Leaves small, grooved or rolled inwards 



on the upper face. Flowers all hermaphrodite 195 



Habit not heath-like 196 



195. Pappus-bristles feathery at the tip, united at the base and surrounded by 



a ring- or cup-shaped rim. Heads few-flowered. — Species 7. South 



Africa. Some are used medicinally Elytropappus Cass. 



Pappus-bristles simple or thickened at the tip. Inner involucral bracts 

 coloured above. — Species 25. South Africa. . . Metalasia R. Br, 



196. Fruits large, with 8 — 10 prominent ribs, glabrous or short-haired. Heads 



2 — 6-flowered, in panicled cymes. Herbs. (See 187.) Stenocline DC. 

 Fruits small, not prominently 8 — lo-ribbed. (See 84.) 



Helichrysum Gaertn. 



197. Pappus-bristles in 2 rows. Heath-like shrubs 198 



Pappus-bristles in 3 or more rows. Not heath-like herbs or under- 



shrubs 199 



198. Heads few-flowered. Invohicre oblong, of oblong bracts. Receptacle 



glabrous. Fruits ribbed. Leaves oblong. — Species i. Madagascar. 



Cullumiopsis Drake 

 Heads many-flowered. Involucre top-shaped, of linear bracts. Recep- 

 tacle bristly at the margin. Fruits angular, hairy. Leaves linear. 

 (See 83.) , , . . Lachnospermum Willd. 



199. Fruits beaked, hairy. Heads few-flowered. Inner involucral bracts 



yellow. — Species i. South Africa Pachyrhynchus DC. 



Fruits not beaked, glabrous. Heads in cymes. — Species 8. South 

 Africa Leontonyx Cass. 



200. (67.) Hermaphrodite disc-flowers sterile, their style without a stigma 



and usually entire or shortly toothed 201 



Hermaphrodite flowers, at least some of them, fertile 238 



201. Anthers arrow-shaped, with acuminate halves. Corolla of the marginal 



flowers strap-shaped. Fruits glabrous, usually large. Pappus wanting, 

 rarely cup-shaped. Recepteicle glabrous, rarely bristly. [Tribe CAL- 



ENDULEAE.] 202 



Anthers entire or shortly auricled at the base, rarely [Adelostigma) 

 distinctly arrow-shaped, but then corolla of the marginal flowers 

 thread-shaped, fruits hairy, and pappus bristly 207 



202. Outer fruits of several kinds. Heads solitary, yellow-flowered. Herbs 



or undershrubs 203 



Outer fruits all alike 204 



203. Fruits curved. Heads middle-sized. (See 122.) . , . Calendula L, 

 Fruits straight. Heads small. (See 122.) .... Oligocarpus Less. 



204. Fruits with 3 wings and a cup-shaped apical appendage. Involucral 



bracts in one row. (See 123.) Tripteris Less. 



Fruits without distinct wings or other appendages 205 



205. Fruits very hard, smooth or indistinctly ribbed. Involucral bracts in two 



or more rows. Ray-flowers yellow. (See 124.) . Osteospermum L. 



