226. COMPOSITAE 565 



Involucral bracts of the male heads united below. Filaments free or nearly 

 so. Female heads i-flowered. Male heads in spikes or racemes. — 

 Species 2. Northern and tropical Africa ; naturalized in South Africa. 

 Used medicinally Ambrosia L. 



213. (207.) Pappus of the outer fruits ring-, crown-, or ear-shaped, sometimes 



produced into two small points, or wanting 214 



Pappus of the outer fruits consisting of bristles 223 



214. Pappus of the inner fruits of bristles, of the outer of i — 2 small points or 



wanting. Involucral bracts in few rows. Receptacle pitted. Corolla ■ 

 of the female flowers strap-shaped. Style cleft, with lanceolate ap- 

 pendages. Fruits flattened. Shrubs or undershrubs. Leaves entire. 

 — Species 8. South Africa. {Heteractis DC.) Gymnostephium Less. 

 Pappus of all fruits alike or wanting -15 



215. Outer flowers with a strap-shaped corolla 216 



Outer flowers with a tubular corolla or without a corolla 220 



216. Corolla of the outer flowers very shortly strap-shaped, of the inner 4- 



toothed, yellow in all flowers. Involucral bracts in two rows. — Species 

 -10. Some of them are used as ornamental or medicinal plants. (In- 

 cluding Brocchia Vis. and Cenia Juss.) Cotula L. 



Corolla of the outer flowers distinctly strap-shaped. Involucral bracts 

 rarely in two rows, and then corolla of the inner flowers 5-toothed. . 217 



217. Involucral bracts in one row and united at the base. Corolla-limb of the 



liermaphrodite (male) central flowers bell-shaped, 5-cleft. Style- 

 branches of the same ending in a blunt appendage. Fruits flattened, 

 without ribs. Branching herbs. Leaves pinnately divided. Heads 



sohtary. — Species 4. South Africa Steirodiscus Less. 



Involucral bracts in two or more rows 218 



218. Involucral bracts in two rows. Corolla of the marginal flowers red, of the 



central vellow, the latter 5-toothed. Style-branches of the hermaphrod- 

 ite (male) flowers pointed. Fruits beaked, without ribs. Herbs. 

 Leaves undivided, radical. Heads solitary. -- Species i. Island of 



Tristan da Cunha Lagenophora Cass. 



Involucral bracts in 3 or more rows. Corolla of the marginal flowers 

 white, yellow, or blue, more rarely red, but then style-branches of the 

 hermaphrodite (male) flowers tmncate and fruits ribbed 219 



219. Style of the hermaphrodite (male) flowers with pointed branches or 



undi\nded. Corolla of the marginal flowers blue, rarely white. Fruits 

 wrinkled or smooth. Branching herbs or undershrubs. Leaves pin- 

 nately divided. (See 206.) Garuleum Cass. 



Style of the hermaphrodite (male) flowers with truncate branches. Corolla 

 of the marginal flowers white, yellow, or red. Fruits 5— lo-ribbed. — 

 Species 50. North Africa, Abyssinia, Madagascar, and South Africa. 

 Some species yield condiments, medicaments, or insect-poison, or serve 

 as ornamental plants. (Including Argyranthemum Webb. Ismelia Cass., 



