570 226. COMPOSITAE 



257. Pappus of caducous, usually one-ranked bristles 258 



Pappus of persistent, several-ranked bristles or of bristles and scales. 260 



258. Pappus surrounded by a wavy ring. Fruits 5-ribbed. Heads 4 — 5- 



flowered, in corymbs. Shrubs. — Species i. East Africa. 



Volkensia O. Hoffm. 

 Pappus not surrounded by a wavy ring. Herbs or undershrubs. . 259 



259. Outer involucral bracts leaf-like, much larger than the inner. Fruits 



blunt, 8 — lo-ribbed. — Species i. West Africa (Congo). 



Centratherum Cass. 



Outer mvolucral bracts, like the inner, scale-like. Fruits 4 — 5-angled. 



— Species 30. Central and South Africa. (Including Bothriocline Oliv. 



and Stephanolepis S. Moore) Erlangea Schultz 



260. Leaves unarmed. — Species 330. Tropical and South Africa. Some of 



the species yield wood or medicaments. (Including Bechium DC, 

 Cyanopis Blume, and Decaneurum DC.) (Plate 150.) 



Vernonia Schreb. 

 Leaves prickly . _ 261 



261. Heads axillary. Stem branched, woody at the base. Fruits hairy. — 



Species 2. South Africa Hoplophyllum DC. 



Heads terminal. Stem not branched, herbaceous throughout. Fniits 

 many-ribbed. — Species 2. West Africa. , . Aedesia O. Hoffm 



262. (238.) Style-branches of the hermaphrodite flowers rather long, semi- 



cylindrical, usually blunt ; the lower part bearing scarcely projecting 

 and not recurved marginal rows of stigmatic papillae, the upper part 

 subequally clothed with hairs on both sides. Flowers all hermaphrodite, 



red blue or whitish [Tribe EUPATORIEAE.] 263 



Style-branches of the hermaphrodite flowers rather flat, bearing con- 

 spicuous marginal rows of stigmatic papillae sometimes confluent in 

 the middle, and above them either a crown of rather long hairs, with or 

 without shorter ones, or an appendage clothed with dense hairs on 

 the outer face, scantily haired or not hairy on the inner ; more rarely 

 style-branches almost uniformly clothed with hairs, but then rows of 

 stigmatic papillae curved outwards or confluent in the middle, or flowers 

 yellow or partly female 266 



263. Anthers without an apical appendage. Fruits angular, glandular, without 



prominent ribs. Pappus of 3 — 5 bristles. Herbs. Leaves opposite. 

 Heads in panicles. — Species 2. Tropical and South Africa. Used 



medicinally Adenostemma Forst. 



, Anthers with an apical appendage. Pappus of numerous bristles or of 

 scales. [Subtribe ager.^tinae.] 264 



264. Pappus of 5 — 10 scales. Herbs. Leaves opposite. Heads in panicles. — 



Species i. Used as an ornamental or medicinal plant. Ageratum L. 

 Pappus of numerous bristles. 265 



