226. COMPOSITAE 581 



360. Female or neuter marginal flowers persisting in the fruit, with a strap- 



shaped corolla. Receptacle conical. Herbs. Leaves opposite. Heads 

 on long stalks. — Species i. Naturalized in various regions. Orna- 

 mental plants Zinnia L. 



Female or neuter marginal flowers falling off before maturity or wanting, 



361 



361. Inner fruits compressed from front to back. Scales on tlie receptacle 



between the flowers flat or convex, not keeled. Female or neuter 

 marginal flowers with a strap-shaped corolla or wanting. [Subtribe 



COREOPSIDINAE.] 362 



Inner fruits not or laterally compressed. [Subtribe verbesininae.] . 368 



362. Pappus formed of 2—6 barbed bristles (which are armed with minute 



reflexed prickles). Herbs. Leaves opposite, toothed or divided. . 363 



Pappus formed of bristles which are not barbed, at least on the inner 



fruits, or ring-shaped, or wanting 364 



363. Fruits beaked. Ray-flowers red. — Species r. Naturalized in Madagascar 



and the Mascarene Islands. Cosmos Cav. 



Fruits not beaked. Ray-flowers, if present, yellow or white. — Species 

 20. Some of them are used medicinally, others are noxious weeds. 

 (Including Kerneria Moench) Bidens L. 



364. Involucral bracts 3^6. Marginal flowers female. Corolla glabrous 



at the base. Pappus of the inner fruits of 2 — 3 awns. Herbs. Leaves 



opposite 365 



Involucral bracts numerous, in two rows 366 



365. Involucral bracts partly herbaceous, partly membranous. Outer fruits 



winged. Heads several together in the leaf- axils. — Species r. Natural- 

 ized in Central Africa Synedrella Gaertn. 



Involucral bracts herbaceous. Fruits all similar, not winged. Heads 

 solitary. — Species i. ^^'est Africa (Congo). Calyptrocarpus Less. 



366. Involucral bracts free, the outer herbaceous, the inner membranous. 



Ray-flowers female. Corolla hairy at the base. Pappus none. Herbs. 

 Leaves, at least the lower, opposite. Heads solitary or in cymes, 

 stalked. — Species 8. Central Africa. One of the species yields oil 



from the seeds (ramtil-oil) Guizotia Cass. 



Involucral bracts more or less united. Corolla glabrous at the base. 367 



367. Ray-flowers female. Fruits oblong, many-ribbed, hairy. Pappus a 



minutely toothed crown. Herbs. Leaves opposite, divided. Heads in 



panicles. — • Species i. Abyssinia Microlecane Schultz 



Ray-flowers neuter or wanting. Pappus of two teeth or awns, or ring- 

 shaped, or wanting. — Species 50. Central Africa. Some are used as 

 ornamental plants Coreopsis L. 



368. (361.) Inner fruits much compressed laterally. Pappus of two awns or 



wanting. Receptacle convex, conical, or cyhndrical. Herbs. . . 369 

 Inner fruits slightly or not compressed 370 



